mbm_grdtiff
Section:  MB-System 5.0  (l)
Updated:  13 November 2002 
Index


 
NAME

mbm_grdtiff - Create an executable shellscript which will generate
a TIFF image of gridded data in a GMT grd file.

 
VERSION

Version 5.0

 
SYNOPSIS

mbm_grdtiff -Ifile 
[-Amagnitude[/azimuth/elevation] 
-Gcolor_mode -H -Kintensity_file 
-Oroot -S[color/shade]
-V 
-W[color_style[/pallette[ncolors]] | cptfile] ]


Additional Options:



[-Dflipcolor/flipshade
-MGSscalefactor -Q -Rw/e/s/n 
-X -Y -Zmin/max]

 
DESCRIPTION

mbm_grdtiff is a macro to generate a shellscript 
which, when executed, will use the program mbgrdtiff to
generate a geographically located TIFF image of gridded 
data. The primary purpose of this macro is to allow the simple, 
semi-automated production of a nice looking image with a few 
command line arguments. Several styles of images can be generated, including 
color fill and shaded relief maps. The available options mirror 
a subset of the options in mbm_grdplot, allowing users to easily 
generate equivalent Postscript plots and TIFF images of gridded 
data. The program mbgrdtiff recognizes the coordinate system
used by mbgrid or mbmosaic to generate a grid file, and
then embeds the projection and grid bounds information into the TIFF
image in accordance with the GeoTIFF standard. A number of GIS software
packages recognize the georeferencing information in GeoTIFF images.
In particular, images generated by mbgrdtiff from grids created
using mbgrid or mbmosaic can be loaded into the 
GRASS, ArcInfo, ArcView, and ArcGIS GIS packages as geographically located 
coverages. The mbgrid and mbmosaic manual pages each contain 
an appendix with a complete list of the projected coordinate systems that
may used in grid generation.

 
AUTHORSHIP

David W. Caress (caress@mbari.org)




  Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute



Dale N. Chayes (dale@ldeo.columbia.edu)




  Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

 
SIMPLE DESCRIPTION OF BASIC OPTIONS


-A


magnitude[/azimuth/elevation]



Sets the parameters which control the
synthetic illumination of the gridded data (shaded relief).
The value magnitude
is an effective vertical exageration which modulates the intensity of
the shading; typical values are in the 0.1 to 10 range.  
The value azimuth
is the azimuth in degrees from north from which the data is illuminated.
The value elevation is the elevation of the illumination 
in degrees from horizontal.
Defaults: magnitude = 0.2; azimuth = 0.0; 
elevation = 30.0;
-C


contour_control



If -C is given alone, it causes unannotated contours
to be drawn using a contour interval calculated from the
data. The user may also use contour_control 
to specify the contour interval. See the COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS
section below for a more complete discussion.
-D


[flipcolor/flipshade]



Normally, the color or grayscale tables used for color maps run from
cool colors (or dark grays) for low grid values 
to hot colors (or light grays) for high grid values.
This option reverses the color table so that cool colors (dark grays)
correspond to high values and hot colors (light grays) to low values.
If -D is given alone, it applies to the color table used
for color or gray fill plots,  shaded or unshaded. If the plot
is to be shaded,  either by synthetic illumination (-G2) 
or using an intensity file (-K and -G3 options), then
setting flipshade = 1 will cause the shading convention
to be reversed (e.g. high intensities overlaid as light shading).
Using -D0/1 will flip the shading convention
but leave the default color convention.
-G


color_mode



Turns on color fill plot and sets the style of the plot.




        color_mode = 1: Color/gray fill.

        color_mode = 2: Color/gray fill shaded by 

                        synthetic illumination.

        color_mode = 3: Color/gray fill shaded by 

                        an intensity file. The -K 

                        option must be used to specify

                        the intensity file.


        color_mode = 4: Color/gray fill of slope 

                        magnitude.


        color_mode = 5: Color/gray fill shaded by 

                        slope magnitude.
-H


This "help" flag cause the program to print out a description
of its operation and then exit immediately.
-I


grdfile



Sets the name of the gridded data file to be plotted.  
Alternatively, grdfile may be a list of grid files
(one filename on each line) to be plotted together.
-K


intensity_file



Sets the name of the gridded data file containing
instensity values to be used for shading the map.  
Alternatively, grdfile may be a list of grid files
(one filename on each line) to be used together. If a
list of file is supplied, the intensity files must
conform in order to the data grid files they will shade.
-O


root



Sets the root used to construct the filename of the output shellscript
(root.cmd) and names of files created when the shellscript is 
run.  Normally the 
name of the input grid file or grid file list is 
used as the root. 
-S


[color/shade]



This option enables effective histogram equalization of the
color and/or shading of the gridded data. The equalization is
not achieved by changing the data values, but rather by
constructing the color or shading tables so that
the boundaries in the tables encompass equal fractions of
the datapoints. This serves to focus color or shading contrasts
in value ranges corresponding to the bulk of the data values.
If -S is given alone or with color = 1,
it enables equalization of the color table used
for color or gray fill plots,  shaded or unshaded. If the plot
is to be shaded,  either by synthetic illumination (-G2) 
or using an intensity file (-K and -G3 options), then
setting shade = 1 will cause the shading to be equalized.
Using -S0/1 will equalize the shading without
equalizing the color table.
-U


orientation



Normally the orientation of the plot (portrait or landscape)
is selected automatically so as to maximize the plot scale.
The -U option allows the user to set the plot orientation. If
orientation = 1, a portrait plot will be produced; if
orientation = 2, a landscape plot will be produced.
-V


Causes mbm_grdtiff to operate in "verbose" mode 
so that it outputs
more information than usual.
-W


[color_style[/pallette[ncolors]] | cptfile]



This option controls the color scheme used for color
fill plots. 

If color_style = 1 [default], then
the color scheme used will be a continuous grading
of colors. If color_style = 2, the color scheme
will be a set of discrete color intervals. The color
pallette used is set using pallette. Five pallettes
are available:

        pallette = 1:   Haxby colors [default]


        pallette = 2:   high Intensity colors


        pallette = 3:   low Intensity colors


        pallette = 4:   grayscale


        pallette = 5:   uniform grayscale




A complete description of the color pallettes is given
in the COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS section below.

 
The ncolors parameter sets the number of color
values used in plotting, whether the colors are 
represented in a continuous color scale or a
stepped, discrete color scale [default is 11].

If the option argument is the path to an existing GMT 
color pallette (CPT) file, then that CPT file and its
color scheme will be used for the plot


 
COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS


-A


magnitude[/azimuth]



Sets the parameters which control the
synthetic illumination of the gridded data (shaded relief).
The value magnitude
is an effective vertical exageration which modulates the intensity of
the shading; typical values are in the 0.1 to 0.5 range.  
The value azimuth
is the azimuth from which the data is illuminated.
Defaults: magnitude = 0.2; azimuth = 0.0;
-D


[flipcolor/flipshade]



Normally, the color or grayscale tables used for color maps run from
cool colors (or dark grays) for low grid values 
to hot colors (or light grays) for high grid values.
This option reverses the color table so that cool colors (dark grays)
correspond to high values and hot colors (light grays) to low values.
If -D is given alone, it applies to the color table used
for color or gray fill plots,  shaded or unshaded. If the plot
is to be shaded,  either by synthetic illumination (-G2) 
or using an intensity file (-K and -G3 options), then
setting flipshade = 1 will cause the shading convention
to be reversed (e.g. high intensities overlaid as light shading).
Using -D0/1 will flip the shading convention
but leave the default color convention.
-G


color_mode



Turns on color fill plot and sets the style of the plot.




        color_mode = 1: Color/gray fill.

        color_mode = 2: Color/gray fill shaded by 

                        synthetic illumination.

        color_mode = 3: Color/gray fill shaded by 

                        an intensity file. The -K 

                        option must be used to specify

                        the intensity file.


        color_mode = 4: Color/gray fill of slope 

                        magnitude.


        color_mode = 5: Color/gray fill shaded by 

                        slope magnitude.



See the mbgrdtiff and grdimage manual pages 
for information on shading with intensity files
-H


This "help" flag cause the program to print out a description
of its operation and then exit immediately.
-I


grdfile



Sets the name of the gridded data file to be plotted.  
The data must be in a form acceptable to GMT version 3
programs (see the GMT Cookbook & Technical Reference).
Alternatively, grdfile may be a list of grid files
(one filename on each line) to be plotted together. This
is useful when data from a region is broken up into several
grid files rather than a single very large grid file.
-K


intensity_file



Sets the name of the gridded data file containing
instensity values to be used for shading the map.  
Alternatively, grdfile may be a list of grid files
(one filename on each line) to be used together. If a
list of files is supplied, the intensity files must
conform in order to the list of data grid files they will shade.
-M


A series of "miscellaneous" options are provided which are
given as -M followed by a two character identifier, followed
by any other parameters associated with that option.
The -M options may be strung together separated by
colons, e.g. "-MGQ100:GU:CA200/10", which is equivalent to
"-MGQ -MGU -MCA200/10". 
-MGD


gmtdef/value



Allows the user to set the GMT default values used as
the plot is constructed. This command may be given repeatedly
to set as many GMT defaults as required. For example, to
set the basemap annotation font to Courier, use 
"-MGDANOT_FONT/Courier".
-MGS


scalefactor



The gridded data is multiplied by scalefactor.
This option is most often used flip the sign of the
data (scalefactor = -1). [Default no scaling]
-O


root



Sets the root used to construct the filename of the output shellscript
(root.cmd) and names of files created when the shellscript is 
run.  Normally the 
name of the input grid file or grid file list is 
used as the root. 
-Q


Normally, the output plot generation shellscript 
includes lines which execute
the program xv to display the TIFF image on the screen.  
This option causes those lines to be commented out so
that executing the shellscript produces a TIFF image
but does not attempt to display it on the screen.
-R


west/east/south/north



west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest.  To specify boundaries
in degrees and minutes [and seconds], use the dd:mm[:ss] format.  Append r if lower left and upper right
map coordinates are given instead of wesn.
You may ask for a larger w/e/s/n region to have more room between the image and the axes.
A smaller region than specified in the grdfile will result in a subset of the grid [Default is
region given by the grdfile].
-S


[color/shade]



This option enables effective histogram equalization of the
color and/or shading of the gridded data. The equalization is
not achieved by changing the data values, but rather by
constructing the color or shading tables so that
the boundaries in the tables encompass equal fractions of
the datapoints. This serves to focus color or shading contrasts
in value ranges corresponding to the bulk of the data values.
If -S is given alone or with color = 1,
it enables equalization of the color table used
for color or gray fill plots,  shaded or unshaded. If the plot
is to be shaded,  either by synthetic illumination (-G2) 
or using an intensity file (-K and -G3 options), then
setting shade = 1 will cause the shading to be equalized.
Using -S0/1 will equalize the shading without
equalizing the color table.
-V


Causes mbm_grdtiff to operate in "verbose" mode 
so that it outputs
more information than usual.
-W


[color_style[/pallette[ncolors]] | cptfile]



This option controls the color scheme used for color
fill plots. 

If color_style = 1 [default], then
the color scheme used will be a continuous grading
of colors. If color_style = 2, the color scheme
will be a set of discrete color intervals. The color
pallette used is set using pallette. Seven pallettes
are available:

        pallette = 1:   Haxby colors [default]


        pallette = 2:   high Intensity colors


        pallette = 3:   low Intensity colors


        pallette = 4:   grayscale


        pallette = 5:   uniform grayscale


        pallette = 6:   uniform black


        pallette = 7:   uniform white


The RGB definitions of the color pallettes are:

color pallette 1 - Haxby Color Table

  red:   255 255 255 255 240 205 138 106  50  40  37

  green: 255 186 161 189 236 255 236 235 190 127  57

  blue:  255 133  68  87 121 162 174 255 255 251 175

color pallette 2 - High Intensity Colors

  red:   255 255 255 255 128   0   0   0   0 128 255

  green:   0  64 128 255 255 255 255 128   0   0   0

  blue:    0   0   0   0   0   0 255 255 255 255 255

color pallette 3 - Low Intensity Colors

  red:   200 194 179 141  90   0   0   0   0  90 141

  green:   0  49  90 141 179 200 141  90   0   0   0

  blue:    0   0   0   0   0   0 141 179 200 179 141

color pallette 4 - Grayscale

  red:   255 230 204 179 153 128 102  77  51  26   0

  green: 255 230 204 179 153 128 102  77  51  26   0

  blue:  255 230 204 179 153 128 102  77  51  26   0

color pallette 5 - Uniform Grayscale

  red:   128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128

  green: 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128

  blue:  128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128

color pallette 6 - Uniform Black

  red:     0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

  green:   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

  blue:    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

color pallette 7 - Uniform White

  red:   255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255

  green: 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255

  blue:  255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255

 
The Haxby colors have been adapted from a pallette
developed by Dr. William Haxby of the Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory; this pallette is pleasing to the
eye and well suited for shading. The high intensity
colors describe linear paths through RGB space from
red to blue to green to purple; because the colors are high
intensity they are not well suited to shading.
The low intensity colors are similar to the high
intensity, but muted and thus well suited to shading.
The grayscale pallette runs linearly from white to
black and is commonly used for plots of sidescan and amplitude
data. The uniform grayscale is useful for non-color
shaded relief plots.

 
The ncolors parameter sets the number of color
values used in plotting, whether the colors are 
represented in a continuous color scale or a
stepped, discrete color scale [default is 11].

If the option argument is the path to an existing GMT 
color pallette (CPT) file, then that CPT file and its
color scheme will be used for the plot
-X


Normally, mbm_grdtiff creates an executable shellscript and
then exits.  This option will cause the shellscript to be executed
in the background before mbm_grdtiff exits.
-Y


Normally, mbm_grdtiff generates nicely rounded numbers
for the boundaries of the color pallette. Often, the resulting
color bounds extend well outside the range of the gridded data.
This option causes
the color boundaries to be uniformly distributed between the
minimum and maximum values of the grid.
-Z


min/max



This option overrides the minimum and maximum values of
the gridded data, affecting the color pallette and the
contour interval if those parameters are not specified
by the user.


 
EXAMPLES

Suppose we have obtained two GRD files, 
one containing gridded bathymetry
(testbath.grd) and the other mosaiced amplitude
(testamp.grd). 
In order to generate a color fill TIFF image, we use the -G1 option.
Because the data has been gridded as bathymetry (positive
down) rather than as topography (positive up), the default
plot will have "hot" colors for deep regions and "cold"
colors for shallow regions; this is the opposite of the
convention we usually use. In order to fix the colors, we have
to either rescale the data by multiplying the bathymetry
by -1 (accomplished with -MGS-1), or flip the color
pallette (accomplished with -D). We use the latter approach:

 

        mbm_grdtiff -Itestbath.grd -G1 -D \


            -V -Obath_fill


 
In order to generate a grayscale plot of the amplitude mosaic, 
we use -G1 and -W1/4. We also use -D so that high amplitude
amplitudes are shown as dark.

 

        mbm_grdtiff -Itestamp.grd -G1 -D -W1/4 \


            -V -Oamp_fill


 
Now consider generating a shaded relief view of the
gridded bathymetry. We choose to illuminate
the bathymetry from the northeast (azimuth of 45 degrees)
and to use a shading magnitude of 0.4 (-A0.4/45).
We also use 
the -X flag this so that the plot generation shellscript is 
executed immediately. Here is the command:

 

        mbm_grdtiff -Itestbath.grd \


            -G2 -A0.4/45 -D -X -V \


            -Obath_shade


 
Now, consider generating a plot of the bathymetry 
overlaid with the mosaiced amplitude.
The amplitude overlay is specified using the -K option.
We want the colors for the bathymetry to be chosen without
histogram equalization, but we also want histogram
equalization to be applied to the amplitude data used for
shading. To do this, we use -S0/1, where the first number
(0) specifies no histogram equalization of the color
scale and the second number (1) causes histogram 
equalization of the shading amplitude data to be
implemented. In order to maintain the convention that
high amplitude amplitudes are black, we flip both the
color pallette (as in the previous example) and the
shading scale with -D1/1. We could also flip the shading
by specifing a negative shading magnitude (-A-0.4).

 

        mbm_grdtiff -Itestbath.grd \


            -G3 -Ktestamp.grd \


            -S0/1 -D1/1 -A0.4 -X -V \


            -Obath_amp


 
As an example, the contents of the plotting shellscript 
"bath_fill_tiff.cmd" are:

 



#! /bin/csh -f



#



# Shellscript to create TIFF image of data in grd file



# Created by macro mbm_grdtiff



#



# This shellscript created by following command line:



# mbm_grdtiff -Itestbath.grd -G1 -D -V -Obath_fill



#



# Define shell variables used in this script:



set TIFF_FILE       = bath_fill.tif



set CPT_FILE        = bath_fill.cpt



set MAP_REGION      = -49.28/-49.13/12.05/12.2



#



# Save existing GMT defaults



echo Saving GMT defaults...



gmtdefaults -L > gmtdefaults$$



#



# Set new GMT defaults



echo Setting new GMT defaults...



gmtset COLOR_BACKGROUND 0/0/0



gmtset COLOR_FOREGROUND 255/255/255



gmtset COLOR_NAN 255/255/255



gmtset DEGREE_FORMAT 3



#



# Make color pallette table file



echo Making color pallette table file...



echo  -5250 255 255 255  -5100 255 186 133 > $CPT_FILE



echo  -5100 255 186 133  -4950 255 161  68 >> $CPT_FILE



echo  -4950 255 161  68  -4800 255 189  87 >> $CPT_FILE



echo  -4800 255 189  87  -4650 240 236 121 >> $CPT_FILE



echo  -4650 240 236 121  -4500 205 255 162 >> $CPT_FILE



echo  -4500 205 255 162  -4350 138 236 174 >> $CPT_FILE



echo  -4350 138 236 174  -4200 106 235 255 >> $CPT_FILE



echo  -4200 106 235 255  -4050  50 190 255 >> $CPT_FILE



echo  -4050  50 190 255  -3900  40 127 251 >> $CPT_FILE



echo  -3900  40 127 251  -3750  37  57 175 >> $CPT_FILE



#



# Define data files to be plotted:



set DATA_FILE        = testbath.grd



set INTENSITY_FILE   = 



#



# Make tiff image



echo Running mbgrdtiff...



mbgrdtiff -I $DATA_FILE 


       -O $TIFF_FILE 


       -C $CPT_FILE 


       -V 




#



# Delete surplus files



echo Deleting surplus files...



/bin/rm -f $CPT_FILE



#



# Reset GMT default fonts



echo Resetting GMT fonts...



/bin/mv gmtdefaults$$ .gmtdefaults



#



# Run xv



echo Running xv in background...



xv bath_fill.tif &



#



# All done!



echo All done!




 
SEE ALSO

mbsystem(l), mbm_grdplot(l), mbgrid(l), mbmosaic(l),
mbm_grid(l), mbgrdtiff(l), gmt(l)(l), grdimage(l)

 
BUGS

This macro either has too many options, or not enough
options. You choose. 






 
Index

NAME

VERSION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHORSHIP

SIMPLE DESCRIPTION OF BASIC OPTIONS

COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS

EXAMPLES

SEE ALSO

BUGS

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