mbmosaic
Section: MB-System 5.0 (l)
Updated: 13 November 2002
Index
NAME
mbmosaic - Mosaic amplitude or sidescan data from swath mapping sonar data files.VERSION
Version 5.0SYNOPSIS
mbmosaic -Ifilelist -Oroot -Rwest/east/south/north [-Adatatype -Bborder -Cclip -Dxdim/ydim -Edx/dy/units[!] -Fpriority_range -Ggridkind -Jprojection -H -Llonflip -M -N -Ppings -Sspeed -Ttension -Uazimuth/factor -V -Wscale -Xextend -Ypriority_file -Zbath_default]DESCRIPTION
mbmosaic is a utility used to mosaic amplitude or sidescan data contained in a set of swath sonar data files. This program allows users to prioritize data according to the associated grazing angle and according to look azimuth. Individual mosaic bin values can be either the value of the highest priority sample in the bin or the Gaussian weighted mean of the highest priority samples in the neighborhood of the bin (the samples used here are those with priorities within a specified range of the highest priority sample found). Users can thus construct mosaics which are dominantly from a particular part of the swath (e.g. prioritize the outer swath higher than the inner swath) or which are dominantly from a particular look azimuth (e.g. construct an east-looking mosaic by specifying a preferred look azimuth of 90 degrees).The user must specify the bounds of the region to be mosaiced (-R), the dimensions (-D) or node spacing -E of the mosaic, a file containing a list of the data files to be used and their data formats (-I), and a character string to be used as the root of the output filenames (-O). The user can also specify the type of the input data (-A), the range of allowable sample priorities used in the mosaicing (-F), the preferred look azimuth (-U), the maximum distance from data points that the spline interpolation is used (-C), the format of the output files, and other parameters.
By default, mbmosaic generates mosiacs in Geographic coordinates, meaning that position is defined in longitude and latitude using the WGS84 horizontal datum. The -J option can be used to specify an alternate, projected coordinate system (PCS). When a PCS is used, position will be defined in eastings and northings (meters) relative to the origin of the particular PCS. Universal Transverse Mercator is the most commonly used PCS in the oceanographic community, but mbmosaic supports a large number of other PCS as well. A list of the supported PCS's is provided at the end of this manual page.
Before opening an input swath data file, mbmosaic checks for an ascii file in the same directory having the same name except that ".inf" is appended to the end. The program assumes that this ascii file contains the output of the program mbinfo run on the input data file. If the ".inf" file exists, mbmosaic reads the minimum and maximum longitude and latitude bounds from the mbinfo output and compares those to the working bounds for the grid. If the ".inf" file indicates that none of the data in the input file lies inside the working grid bounds, that input file is skipped. This allows users to maintain a single master list of data files for use in all gridding without the performance penalty of mbmosaic reading through all the data files, even those with no relevent data. We recommend that users maintain a ".inf" file for each swath data file used for gridding or plotting. The programs mbgrid, mbswath, and mbcontour also use ".inf" files in the same fashion.
Usually, the internal working grid has the same boundaries as the output grid. However, the -X option allows the size of the internal grid to be increased so that data outside the grid can be used to guide the spline interpolation of data gaps which happen to lie at the the edge of the grid. This is particularly important when adjacent grids are created which should match along the edges. The data input bounds are set to a region three times as large as the working grid in both longitude and latitude. The program reads all pings which lie within the data input bounds, and accepts all data values with locations within the working grid.
The sample priorities are set according to either or both of two criterea. The first criterea is set by using the -Y option to specify a file containing a list of data priorities as a function of apparent grazing angle (this angle is the arctan(x/z) where x is acrosstrack distance and z is depth, so that the center of the swath has an apparent grazing angle of zero, the port swath edge has a large negative angle, and the starboard swath edge has a large positive angle). The highest priority assigned should be one, and the lowest zero.
The second criteria is set by using the -U option to specify a preferred look azimuth (data on the port side of the swath have a look azimuth equal to the heading - 90 degrees, and data on the starboard side have a look azimuth equal to the heading + 90 degrees). The second parameter in the -U option is a factor (f) which modulates how rapidly the priority degrades away from the preferred look azimuth. The priority (p) is assigned as follows:
p = cos( f * (Ap - Al))
where Ap is the preferred look azimuth and A is the actual look azimuth. If f = 1.0, the priority will be 1.0 at the preferred look azimuth and will fall to zero for look azimuths more than 90 degrees away from the preferred look azimuth. If f > 1.0, the range of nonzero priorities will shrink two azimuths closer to the preferred look azimuth (e.g. if f = 2.0, nonzero priorities will be restricted to look azimuths within 45 degrees of the preferred look azimuth). If f < 1.0, the range of nonzero priorities will expand (e.g. if f = 0.5, only look azimuths 180 degrees away from the preferred look azimuth will have a zero priority).If data priorities are set using both apparent grazing angles and look azimuths, the priorities used in the mosaicing are found by multiplying the grazing angle and look azimuth priorities together.
The default behavior is to set each bin to the value of the highest priority sample found in that bin. If more than one sample has the same highest priority, the first such sample is used. If the -F option is used to set a range of acceptable priorities, then the mosaicing is done using a Gaussian weighted mean algorithm. The samples used are those with priorities larger than the highest priority found minus the range value. In this scheme, each sample's contribution to a Gaussian weighted average for each nearby grid cell is calculated using this weighting function:
W(r) = Aexp(r**2/a**2)
where r is the distance from the center of the bin to the data point, a is the distance at which the weighting function falls to 1/e of its maximum value, and A is a normalizing factor set so that the sum of all the weights adds to a value of 1. Normally, the distance a is set to be half the average grid point spacing, but this can be varied using the -W option.If the -C option is used to set clipping to a value > 0, then a 2D thin plate spline algorithm is applied to the successfully calculated grid values to fill in, or interpolate, gaps in the data. New values are assigned only at grid points within a specified distance from the nearest data points (this distance is specified in terms of grid point spacing using the -C command). Thus, small gaps in the data can be filled, or the whole grid can be filled in with a smooth interpolation.
The output grid will by default contain values of 99999.9 at cells containing no data; if the -N option is used then the flagging value used is NaN, or not-a-number.
The names of the output files are based on the root character string specified using the -O option. A number of grid formats are supported, including all of the grid formats supported by GMT. See the -G option below for a list of the available formats. If the grid is output in any of the GMT grid formats, then its filename is "root.grd", and a shellscript which will allow the contents of the grid to be viewed using GMT programs is also output with the filename "root.grd.cmd". If the -G1 option is used to specify an ascii format grid, then the output grid filename will be "root.asc", but no plotting shellscript will be created.
A datalist file containing references to all of the swath files actually contibuting to the grid is also created. This file is named by adding a ".mb-1" suffix to the root string.
The -M option causes mbmosaic to output two additional grids, the first ("root_num.grd") being the number of high priority data points used within each bin, and the second ("root_sd.grd") being the standard deviation of the data points used within each bin. The -M option can only be used if Gaussian weighted mean mosaicing is enabled with the -F option. Plotting shellscripts called "root_num.grd.cmd" and "root_sd.grd.cmd" are also output if the grids are in a GMT grid format.
The -J option can be used to specify grids in UTM eastings and northings (meters) rather than in geographic coordinates (longitude and latitude degrees).
AUTHORSHIP
David W. Caress (caress@mbari.org)
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Dale N. Chayes (dale@ldeo.columbia.edu)
Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryOPTIONS
First, the simple grid format identifiers are:
gridkind = 1: ASCII table
gridkind = 2: binary file (GMT version 1 GRD file)
gridkind = 3: netCDF file (GMT version 2 GRD file)
gridkind = 4: Arc/Info and ArcView ASCII grid
gridkind = 100: GMT netCDF 4-byte float format [Default]
gridkind = 101: Native binary single precision floats in scanlines with leading grd header
gridkind = 102: Native binary short integers in scanlines with leading grd header
gridkind = 103: 8-bit standard Sun rasterfile (colormap ignored)
gridkind = 104: Native binary unsigned char in scanlines with leading grd header
gridkind = 105: Native binary bits in scanlines with leading grd header
gridkind = 106: Native binary ``surfer'' grid files
gridkind = 107: netCDF 1-byte byte format
gridkind = 108: netCDF 1-byte char format
gridkind = 109: netCDF 2-byte int format
gridkind = 110: netCDF 4-byte int format
gridkind = 111: netCDF 8-byte double format
Second, a GMT grid format string has the form:
=id[/scale/offset[/nan]]
where id is the GMT format id, and the other values
are optional. If scale and offset are given, the
data will be multiplied by scale and offset by offset
prior to being output. The nan value sets the value used for
"not-a-number". The GMT format id's for these format strings are:
id = 0: GMT netCDF 4-byte float format [Default]
id = 1: Native binary single precision floats in scanlines with leading grd header
id = 2: Native binary short integers in scanlines with leading grd header
id = 3: 8-bit standard Sun rasterfile (colormap ignored)
id = 4: Native binary unsigned char in scanlines with leading grd header
id = 5: Native binary bits in scanlines with leading grd header
id = 6: Native binary ``surfer'' grid files
id = 7: netCDF 1-byte byte format
id = 8: netCDF 1-byte char format
id = 9: netCDF 2-byte int format
id = 10: netCDF 4-byte int format
id = 11: netCDF 8-byte double format
Note that the following arguments are equivalent because they
all produce a standard GMT netCDF 4-byte float grid:
-G3
-G100
-G=0
Should the user wish to produce a grid in native binary floats,
then the following two arguments will work:
-G101
-G=1
Should the user wish to produce a grid in native short int format
with a scaling factor of 10, an offset of 32000, and a NaN value
of 32767, then the following arguments will suffice:
-G=2/10/32000/32767
If gridkind = 3 or gridkind >= 100,
mbgrid also outputs shellscripts
which run GMT programs to provide preliminary color
fill maps of the gridded data. These shellscripts are
generated using the mbm_grdplot macro.
If gridkind = 4, the output grids will be in the Arc/Info ASCII grid format. Arc/Info ASCII grids use "square" bins, meaning that the longitude and latitude grid cell spacings must be identical. Thus, whenever the gridkind = 4 option is used, the -E option must also be used in a way which ensures equal grid cell spacings (see the -E documentation above). Default: gridkind = 100.
The projection argument for the -J option can be either a PCS identifier from the projection definition list provided at the end of this manual page, or simply -JU to specify using UTM in whatever zone is appropriate for the grid bounds specified with the -R option.
For instance, to fully specify a particular northern UTM zone, set projection = UTMXXN where XX gives the UTM zone (defined from 01 to 60). As an example, a northern UTM zone 12 projection can be specified using -JUTM12N. Southern UTM zones are specified as UTMXXS. The European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) has defined a large number of PCS's used worldwide and assigned number id's to each; one can also specify the northern UTM zone 12 projection using its EPSG designation, or -Jepsg32612. When the projected coordinate system is fully specified by the -J option, then the grid bounds may be specified using -R in either longitude and latitude or in eastings and northings.
Alternatively, one may indicate a UTM projection without specifying the zone by using -JU. In this case, the UTM zone will be inferred from the midpoint of the specified longitude and latitude bounds, and then the longitude and latitude bounds given with the -fR option are translated to UTM eastings and northings.
All grids and mosaics produced by MB-System programs contain identifiers that are recognized by the plotting macros mbm_grdplot, mbm_grd3dplot, and mbm_grdtiff. These plotting macros automatically use a linear map projection whenever they encounter grids and mosaics that are already in a projected coordinate system. Also, the program mbgrdtiff automatically inserts the appropriate projection information into the GeoTIFF images it generates. As a result, images generated by mbgrdtiff will be properly georeferenced when they are imported into GIS software.
kn_perth_01.mb41 41
kn_perth_05.mb41 41
kn_perth_09.mb41 41
kn_perth_13.mb41 41
kn_perth_17.mb41 41
kn_perth_03.mb41 41
The nadir region of the sidescan swath is generally of little use because it is dominated by specular reflection rather than backscatter. In order to allow mbmosaic to preferentially use data from the outer swath, where possible, create another file containing a list of data priority as a function of apparent grazing angle:
-60.0 0.2
-45.0 1.0
-15.0 0.8
-14.9 0.1
14.9 0.1
15.0 0.8
45.0 1.0
60.0 0.2
Here the negative angles denote the port side of the swath and the positive angles denote the starboard side of the swath. The priorities are linearly interpolated between the discreet angle/priority pairs. Note that the nadir region (angles less than +/- 15 degrees) has low priority, and that the highest priority is given to angles of 45 degrees. No data with angle magnitudes greater than 60 degrees will be used.
Then, run mbmosaic as follows:
mbmosaic -Idatalist \
-R114.1333/114.7833/-32.1166/-31.55 \
-A4 -E100/100/meters -N \
-Yangle_priority.dat -F0.10 -C10 \
-Operth_ss -V
The -E option specifies grid spacings of 100 meters in
both the longitude and latitude; the dimensions of the output
grid are calculated according by mbmosaic. The -F
option enables Gaussian weighted mean mosaicing and the priority
range of 0.10 means that for each bin, all data with priorities
within 0.1 of the highest priority will be used.
By specifying a clipping dimension of 10 we cause small gaps in
the mosaic to be filled in through spine interpolation .
The output looks like:
Program mbmosaic
Version $Id: mbmosaic.l,v 5.7 2006/02/01 07:36:08 caress Exp $
MB-system Version 4.5
MBMOSAIC Parameters:
List of input files: datalist
Output fileroot: perth_ss
Input Data Type: Sidescan
Grid projection: Geographic
Grid dimensions: 616 629
Grid bounds:
Longitude: 114.1333 114.7833
Latitude: -32.1166 -31.5500
Working grid dimensions: 616 629
Working Grid bounds:
Longitude: 114.1333 114.7833
Latitude: -32.1166 -31.5500
Longitude interval: 0.001057 degrees or 100.051035 m
Latitude interval: 0.000902 degrees or 100.042679 m
Specified Longitude interval: 100.000000 meters
Specified Latitude interval: 100.000000 meters
Input data bounds:
Longitude: 113.4833 115.4333
Latitude: -32.6832 -30.9834
Mosaicing algorithm:
Average of highest weighted pixels
Pixel weighting range: 0.100000
Pixels weighted by look azimuth
Preferred look azimuth: 90.000000
Look azimuth factor: 2.000000
Spline interpolation applied with clipping dimension: 10
Spline tension (range 0.0 to infinity): 10000000000.000000
Grid format 3: GMT version 2 grd (netCDF)
NaN values used to flag regions with no data
MBIO parameters:
Ping averaging: 1
Longitude flipping: 1
Speed minimum: 0.0 km/hr
330814 data points processed in kn_perth_01.mb41
239709 data points processed in kn_perth_05.mb41
234034 data points processed in kn_perth_09.mb41
310066 data points processed in kn_perth_13.mb41
297318 data points processed in kn_perth_17.mb41
336504 data points processed in kn_perth_03.mb41
1748445 total data points processed in highest weight pass
330814 data points processed in kn_perth_01.mb41
239709 data points processed in kn_perth_05.mb41
234034 data points processed in kn_perth_09.mb41
310066 data points processed in kn_perth_13.mb41
297318 data points processed in kn_perth_17.mb41
336504 data points processed in kn_perth_03.mb41
1748445 total data points processed in averaging pass
Making raw grid...
Doing spline interpolation with 86414 data points...
Total number of bins: 387464
Bins set using data: 86414
Bins set using interpolation: 58051
Bins not set: 242999
Maximum number of data in a bin: 121
Minimum value: -6573.12 Maximum value: 97704.64
Minimum sigma: 4.50125 Maximum sigma: 42979.49567
Outputting results...
executing mbm_grdplot...
Running grdhisteq...
Program Status:
--------------
Plot Style:
Color Fill
Horizontal Color Scale
Input Files:
Data GRD File: perth_ss.grd
Intensity GRD List File:
Output Files:
Output plot name root: perth_ss.grd
Color pallette table: perth_ss.grd.cpt
Plotting shellscript: perth_ss.grd.cmd
Plot file: perth_ss.grd.ps
Plot Attributes:
Plot width: 6.5000
Plot height: 6.6369
Page size: a
Page width: 8.5
Page height: 11
Projection: -Jm10
Axes annotation: 10m/10m
Orientation: portrait
Number of colors: 11
Color Pallette: Grayscale
Colors reversed
Grid Data Attributes:
Longitude min max: 114.1330 114.7830
Latitude min max: -32.1166 -31.5500
Data min max: -6573 9.77e+04
Primary Grid Plotting Controls:
Color start datum: -12500.000000
Color end datum: 112500.000000
Histogram stretch applied to color pallette
GMT Default Values Reset in Script:
PAPER_WIDTH 8.5
ANOT_FONT Helvetica
LABEL_FONT Helvetica
HEADER_FONT Helvetica
ANOT_FONT_SIZE 8
LABEL_FONT_SIZE 8
HEADER_FONT_SIZE 10
FRAME_WIDTH 0.074999999999999997
TICK_LENGTH 0.074999999999999997
PAGE_ORIENTATION LANDSCAPE
COLOR_BACKGROUND 0/0/0
COLOR_FOREGROUND 255/255/255
COLOR_NAN 255/255/255
--------------
Plot generation shellscript <perth_ss.grd.cmd> created.
Instructions:
Execute <perth_ss.grd.cmd> to generate
Postscript plot <perth_ss.grd.ps>.
Executing <perth_ss.grd.cmd> also invokes
xpsview to view the plot on the screen.
--------------
Done.
The names of the output files are based on the root character string specified using the -O option. Since the grid is output as a netCDF GRD format file, its filename is "perth_ss.grd"; a shellscript which will allow the contents of the grid to viewed using GMT programs is also output with the filename "perth_ss.grd.cmd".
Suppose that one wants to produce a mosaic composed only of data
with a more or less eastward look azimuth. Then add the -U
option with a preferred azimuth of 90 degrees. A look azimuth
factor of 2.0 will cause mbmosaic to reject any data with
look azimuths outside a range of 45 to 135 degrees.
The following will suffice:
mbmosaic -Idatalist \
-R114.1333/114.7833/-32.1166/-31.55 \
-A4 -E100/100/meters -N \
-Yangle_priority.dat -F0.10 -C10 \
-Operth_ss -U90/2.0 -V
The first item on each line is the PCS identifier inside brackets, such as <UTM10N> or <epsg32749>. To specify using one of these PCS's, use the -J option, e.g. -JUTM10N or -Jepsg32749.
Standard Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS)
projected coordinate systems:
<UTM01N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 1N
<UTM02N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 2N
<UTM03N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 3N
<UTM04N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 4N
<UTM05N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 5N
<UTM06N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 6N
<UTM07N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 7N
<UTM08N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 8N
<UTM09N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 9N
<UTM10N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 10N
<UTM11N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 11N
<UTM12N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 12N
<UTM13N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 13N
<UTM14N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 14N
<UTM15N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 15N
<UTM16N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 16N
<UTM17N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 17N
<UTM18N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 18N
<UTM19N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 19N
<UTM20N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 20N
<UTM21N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 21N
<UTM22N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 22N
<UTM23N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 23N
<UTM24N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 24N
<UTM25N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 25N
<UTM26N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 26N
<UTM27N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 27N
<UTM28N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 28N
<UTM29N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 29N
<UTM30N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 30N
<UTM31N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N
<UTM32N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 32N
<UTM33N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 33N
<UTM34N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 34N
<UTM35N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 35N
<UTM36N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 36N
<UTM37N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 37N
<UTM38N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 38N
<UTM39N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 39N
<UTM40N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 40N
<UTM41N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 41N
<UTM42N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 42N
<UTM43N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 43N
<UTM44N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 44N
<UTM45N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 45N
<UTM46N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 46N
<UTM47N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 47N
<UTM48N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 48N
<UTM49N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 49N
<UTM50N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 50N
<UTM51N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 51N
<UTM52N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 52N
<UTM53N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 53N
<UTM54N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 54N
<UTM55N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 55N
<UTM56N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 56N
<UTM57N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 57N
<UTM58N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 58N
<UTM59N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 59N
<UTM60N> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 60N
<UTM01S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 1S
<UTM02S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 2S
<UTM03S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 3S
<UTM04S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 4S
<UTM05S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 5S
<UTM06S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 6S
<UTM07S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 7S
<UTM08S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 8S
<UTM09S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 9S
<UTM10S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 10S
<UTM11S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 11S
<UTM12S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 12S
<UTM13S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 13S
<UTM14S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 14S
<UTM15S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 15S
<UTM16S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 16S
<UTM17S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 17S
<UTM18S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 18S
<UTM19S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 19S
<UTM20S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 20S
<UTM21S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 21S
<UTM22S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 22S
<UTM23S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 23S
<UTM24S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 24S
<UTM25S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 25S
<UTM26S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 26S
<UTM27S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 27S
<UTM28S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 28S
<UTM29S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 29S
<UTM30S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 30S
<UTM31S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 31S
<UTM32S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 32S
<UTM33S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 33S
<UTM34S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 34S
<UTM35S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 35S
<UTM36S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 36S
<UTM37S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 37S
<UTM38S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 38S
<UTM39S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 39S
<UTM40S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 40S
<UTM41S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 41S
<UTM42S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 42S
<UTM43S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 43S
<UTM44S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 44S
<UTM45S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 45S
<UTM46S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 46S
<UTM47S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 47S
<UTM48S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 48S
<UTM49S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 49S
<UTM50S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 50S
<UTM51S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 51S
<UTM52S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 52S
<UTM53S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 53S
<UTM54S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 54S
<UTM55S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 55S
<UTM56S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 56S
<UTM57S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 57S
<UTM58S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 58S
<UTM59S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 59S
<UTM60S> : WGS 84 / UTM zone 60S
<UPSN> : WGS 84 / UPS North
<UPSS> : WGS 84 / UPS South
State Plane Coordinate Systems using the
North American Datum 1927
<nad27_101> : alabama east: nad27
<nad27_102> : alabama west: nad27
<nad27_5010> : alaska zone no. 10: nad27
<nad27_5300> : american samoa: nad27
<nad27_201> : arizona east: nad27
<nad27_202> : arizona central: nad27
<nad27_203> : arizona west: nad27
<nad27_301> : arkansas north: nad27
<nad27_302> : arkansas south: nad27
<nad27_401> : california i: nad27
<nad27_402> : california ii: nad27
<nad27_403> : california iii: nad27
<nad27_404> : california iv: nad27
<nad27_405> : california v: nad27
<nad27_406> : california vi: nad27
<nad27_407> : california vii: nad27
<nad27_501> : colorado north: nad27
<nad27_502> : colorado central: nad27
<nad27_503> : colorado south: nad27
<nad27_600> : connecticut ---: nad27
<nad27_700> : delaware ---: nad27
<nad27_901> : florida east: nad27
<nad27_902> : florida west: nad27
<nad27_903> : florida north: nad27
<nad27_1001> : georgia east: nad27
<nad27_1002> : georgia west: nad27
<nad27_5101> : hawaii 1: nad27
<nad27_5102> : hawaii 2: nad27
<nad27_5103> : hawaii 3: nad27
<nad27_5104> : hawaii 4: nad27
<nad27_5105> : hawaii 5: nad27
<nad27_1101> : idaho east: nad27
<nad27_1102> : idaho central: nad27
<nad27_1103> : idaho west: nad27
<nad27_1201> : illinois east: nad27
<nad27_1202> : illinois west: nad27
<nad27_1301> : indiana east: nad27
<nad27_1302> : indiana west: nad27
<nad27_1401> : iowa north: nad27
<nad27_1402> : iowa south: nad27
<nad27_1501> : kansas north: nad27
<nad27_1502> : kansas south: nad27
<nad27_1601> : kentucky north: nad27
<nad27_1602> : kentucky south: nad27
<nad27_1701> : louisiana north: nad27
<nad27_1702> : louisiana south: nad27
<nad27_1703> : louisiana offshore: nad27
<nad27_1801> : maine east: nad27
<nad27_1802> : maine west: nad27
<nad27_1900> : maryland ---: nad27
<nad27_2001> : massachusetts mainland: nad27
<nad27_2002> : massachusetts island: nad27
<nad27_2101> : michigan east: nad27
<nad27_2102> : michigan central/m: nad27
<nad27_2103> : michigan west: nad27
<nad27_2111> : michigan north: nad27
<nad27_2112> : michigan central/l: nad27
<nad27_2113> : michigan south: nad27
<nad27_2201> : minnesota north: nad27
<nad27_2202> : minnesota central: nad27
<nad27_2203> : minnesota south: nad27
<nad27_2301> : mississippi east: nad27
<nad27_2302> : mississippi west: nad27
<nad27_2401> : missouri east: nad27
<nad27_2402> : missouri central: nad27
<nad27_2403> : missouri west: nad27
<nad27_2501> : montana north: nad27
<nad27_2502> : montana central: nad27
<nad27_2503> : montana south: nad27
<nad27_2601> : nebraska north: nad27
<nad27_2602> : nebraska south: nad27
<nad27_2701> : nevada east: nad27
<nad27_2702> : nevada central: nad27
<nad27_2703> : nevada west: nad27
<nad27_2800> : new hampshire ---: nad27
<nad27_2900> : new jersey ---: nad27
<nad27_3001> : new mexico east: nad27
<nad27_3002> : new mexico central: nad27
<nad27_3003> : new mexico west: nad27
<nad27_3101> : new york east: nad27
<nad27_3102> : new york central: nad27
<nad27_3103> : new york west: nad27
<nad27_3104> : new york long island: nad27
<nad27_3200> : north carolina ---: nad27
<nad27_3301> : north dakota north: nad27
<nad27_3302> : north dakota south: nad27
<nad27_3401> : ohio north: nad27
<nad27_3402> : ohio south: nad27
<nad27_3501> : oklahoma north: nad27
<nad27_3502> : oklahoma south: nad27
<nad27_3601> : oregon north: nad27
<nad27_3602> : oregon south: nad27
<nad27_3701> : pennsylvania north: nad27
<nad27_3702> : pennsylvania south: nad27
<nad27_3800> : rhode island ---: nad27
<nad27_3901> : south carolina north: nad27
<nad27_3902> : south carolina south: nad27
<nad27_4001> : south dakota north: nad27
<nad27_4002> : south dakota south: nad27
<nad27_4100> : tennessee ---: nad27
<nad27_4201> : texas north: nad27
<nad27_4202> : texas north central: nad27
<nad27_4203> : texas central: nad27
<nad27_4204> : texas south central: nad27
<nad27_4205> : texas south: nad27
<nad27_4301> : utah north: nad27
<nad27_4302> : utah central: nad27
<nad27_4303> : utah south: nad27
<nad27_4400> : vermont ---: nad27
<nad27_4501> : virginia north: nad27
<nad27_4502> : virginia south: nad27
<nad27_4601> : washington north: nad27
<nad27_4602> : washington south: nad27
<nad27_4701> : west virginia north: nad27
<nad27_4702> : west virginia south: nad27
<nad27_4801> : wisconsin north: nad27
<nad27_4802> : wisconsin central: nad27
<nad27_4803> : wisconsin south: nad27
<nad27_4901> : wyoming east: nad27
<nad27_4902> : wyoming east central: nad27
<nad27_4903> : wyoming west central: nad27
<nad27_4904> : wyoming west: nad27
<nad27_5001> : alaska zone no. 1: nad27
<nad27_5002> : alaska zone no. 2: nad27
<nad27_5003> : alaska zone no. 3: nad27
<nad27_5004> : alaska zone no. 4: nad27
<nad27_5005> : alaska zone no. 5: nad27
<nad27_5006> : alaska zone no. 6: nad27
<nad27_5007> : alaska zone no. 7: nad27
<nad27_5008> : alaska zone no. 8: nad27
<nad27_5009> : alaska zone no. 9: nad27
<nad27_5201> : puerto rico and virgin islands: nad27
<nad27_5202> : virgin islands st. croix: nad27
<nad27_5400> : guam island: nad27
State Plane Coordinate Systems using the
North American Datum 1983:
<nad83_101> : alabama east: nad83
<nad83_102> : alabama west: nad83
<nad83_5010> : alaska zone no. 10: nad83
<nad83_201> : arizona east: nad83
<nad83_202> : arizona central: nad83
<nad83_203> : arizona west: nad83
<nad83_301> : arkansas north: nad83
<nad83_302> : arkansas south: nad83
<nad83_401> : california i: nad83
<nad83_402> : california ii: nad83
<nad83_403> : california iii: nad83
<nad83_404> : california iv: nad83
<nad83_405> : california v: nad83
<nad83_406> : california vi: nad83
<nad83_501> : colorado north: nad83
<nad83_502> : colorado central: nad83
<nad83_503> : colorado south: nad83
<nad83_600> : connecticut ---: nad83
<nad83_700> : delaware ---: nad83
<nad83_901> : florida east: nad83
<nad83_902> : florida west: nad83
<nad83_903> : florida north: nad83
<nad83_1001> : georgia east: nad83
<nad83_1002> : georgia west: nad83
<nad83_5101> : hawaii 1: nad83
<nad83_5102> : hawaii 2: nad83
<nad83_5103> : hawaii 3: nad83
<nad83_5104> : hawaii 4: nad83
<nad83_5105> : hawaii 5: nad83
<nad83_1101> : idaho east: nad83
<nad83_1102> : idaho central: nad83
<nad83_1103> : idaho west: nad83
<nad83_1201> : illinois east: nad83
<nad83_1202> : illinois west: nad83
<nad83_1301> : indiana east: nad83
<nad83_1302> : indiana west: nad83
<nad83_1401> : iowa north: nad83
<nad83_1402> : iowa south: nad83
<nad83_1501> : kansas north: nad83
<nad83_1502> : kansas south: nad83
<nad83_1601> : kentucky north: nad83
<nad83_1602> : kentucky south: nad83
<nad83_1701> : louisiana north: nad83
<nad83_1702> : louisiana south: nad83
<nad83_1703> : louisiana offshore: nad83
<nad83_1801> : maine east: nad83
<nad83_1802> : maine west: nad83
<nad83_1900> : maryland ---: nad83
<nad83_2001> : massachusetts mainland: nad83
<nad83_2002> : massachusetts island: nad83
<nad83_2111> : michigan north: nad83
<nad83_2112> : michigan central/l: nad83
<nad83_2113> : michigan south: nad83
<nad83_2201> : minnesota north: nad83
<nad83_2202> : minnesota central: nad83
<nad83_2203> : minnesota south: nad83
<nad83_2301> : mississippi east: nad83
<nad83_2302> : mississippi west: nad83
<nad83_2401> : missouri east: nad83
<nad83_2402> : missouri central: nad83
<nad83_2403> : missouri west: nad83
<nad83_2500> : montana: nad83
<nad83_2600> : nebraska: nad83
<nad83_2701> : nevada east: nad83
<nad83_2702> : nevada central: nad83
<nad83_2703> : nevada west: nad83
<nad83_2800> : new hampshire ---: nad83
<nad83_2900> : new jersey ---: nad83
<nad83_3001> : new mexico east: nad83
<nad83_3002> : new mexico central: nad83
<nad83_3003> : new mexico west: nad83
<nad83_3101> : new york east: nad83
<nad83_3102> : new york central: nad83
<nad83_3103> : new york west: nad83
<nad83_3104> : new york long island: nad83
<nad83_3200> : north carolina ---: nad83
<nad83_3301> : north dakota north: nad83
<nad83_3302> : north dakota south: nad83
<nad83_3401> : ohio north: nad83
<nad83_3402> : ohio south: nad83
<nad83_3501> : oklahoma north: nad83
<nad83_3502> : oklahoma south: nad83
<nad83_3601> : oregon north: nad83
<nad83_3602> : oregon south: nad83
<nad83_3701> : pennsylvania north: nad83
<nad83_3702> : pennsylvania south: nad83
<nad83_3800> : rhode island ---: nad83
<nad83_3900> : south carolina: nad83
<nad83_4001> : south dakota north: nad83
<nad83_4002> : south dakota south: nad83
<nad83_4100> : tennessee ---: nad83
<nad83_4201> : texas north: nad83
<nad83_4202> : texas north central: nad83
<nad83_4203> : texas central: nad83
<nad83_4204> : texas south central: nad83
<nad83_4205> : texas south: nad83
<nad83_4301> : utah north: nad83
<nad83_4302> : utah central: nad83
<nad83_4303> : utah south: nad83
<nad83_4400> : vermont ---: nad83
<nad83_4501> : virginia north: nad83
<nad83_4502> : virginia south: nad83
<nad83_4601> : washington north: nad83
<nad83_4602> : washington south: nad83
<nad83_4701> : west virginia north: nad83
<nad83_4702> : west virginia south: nad83
<nad83_4801> : wisconsin north: nad83
<nad83_4802> : wisconsin central: nad83
<nad83_4803> : wisconsin south: nad83
<nad83_4901> : wyoming east: nad83
<nad83_4902> : wyoming east central: nad83
<nad83_4903> : wyoming west central: nad83
<nad83_4904> : wyoming west: nad83
<nad83_5001> : alaska zone no. 1: nad83
<nad83_5002> : alaska zone no. 2: nad83
<nad83_5003> : alaska zone no. 3: nad83
<nad83_5004> : alaska zone no. 4: nad83
<nad83_5005> : alaska zone no. 5: nad83
<nad83_5006> : alaska zone no. 6: nad83
<nad83_5007> : alaska zone no. 7: nad83
<nad83_5008> : alaska zone no. 8: nad83
<nad83_5009> : alaska zone no. 9: nad83
<nad83_5200> : puerto rico and virgin islands: nad83
Various Non-U.S. Coordinate Systems,
<CH1903> : Swiss Coordinate System
<madagascar> : Laborde grid for Madagascar
<new_zealand> : New Zealand Map Grid (NZMG)
<bwi> : British West Indies
<costa-n> : Costa Rica Norte
<costa-s> : Costa Rica Sud
<cuba-n> : Cuba Norte
<cuba-s> : Cuba Sud
<domin_rep> : Dominican Republic
<egypt-1> : Egypt
<egypt-2> : Egypt
<egypt-3> : Egypt
<egypt-4> : Egypt
<egypt-5> : Egypt
<el_sal> : El Salvador
<guat-n> : Guatemala Norte
<guat-s> : Guatemala Sud
<haiti> : Haiti
<hond-n> : Honduras Norte
<hond-s> : Honduras Sud
<levant> : Levant
<nica-n> : Nicaragua Norte
<nica-s> : Nicaragua Sud
<nw-africa> : Northwest Africa
<palestine> : Palestine
<panama> : Panama
<bng> : British National Grid
<malay> : West Malaysian RSO Grid
<india-I> : India Zone I
<india-IIA> : India Zone IIA
<india-IIB> : India Zone IIB
<india-IIIA> : India Zone IIIA
<india-IIIB> : India Zone IIIB
<india-IVA> : India Zone IVA
<india-IVB> : India Zone IVB
<ceylon> : Ceylon Belt
<irish> : Irish Transverse Mercator Grid
<neiez> : Netherlands East Indies Equitorial Zone
<n-alger> : Nord Algerie Grid
<n-maroc> : Nord Maroc Grid
<n-tunis> : Nord Tunisie Grid
<s-alger> : Sud Algerie Grid
<s-maroc> : Sud Maroc Grid
<s-tunis> : Sud Tunisie Grid
<gk2-d> : Gauss Krueger Grid for Germany
<gk3-d> : Gauss Krueger Grid for Germany
<gk4-d> : Gauss Krueger Grid for Germany
Great Lakes Coordinate Systems,
<erie-etal> : Lake Erie, Ontario and St. Lawrence River.
<huron> : Lake Huron
<michigan> : Lake Michigan
<superior> : Lake Superior, Lake of the Woods
European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Coordinate System Definitions
<epsg200> : Anguilla 1957 / British West Indies Grid
<epsg201> : Antigua 1943 / British West Indies Grid
<epsg202> : Dominica 1945 / British West Indies Grid
<epsg203> : Grenada 1953 / British West Indies Grid
<epsg204> : Montserrat 58 / British West Indies Grid
<epsg205> : St Kitts 1955 / British West Indies Grid
<epsg206> : St Lucia 1955 / British West Indies Grid
<epsg207> : St Vincent 45 / British West Indies Grid
<epsg208> : NAD27(CGQ77) / SCoPQ zone 2
<epsg209> : NAD27(CGQ77) / SCoPQ zone 3
<epsg210> : NAD27(CGQ77) / SCoPQ zone 4
<epsg211> : NAD27(CGQ77) / SCoPQ zone 5
<epsg212> : NAD27(CGQ77) / SCoPQ zone 6
<epsg213> : NAD27(CGQ77) / SCoPQ zone 7
<epsg214> : NAD27(CGQ77) / SCoPQ zone 8
<epsg215> : NAD27(CGQ77) / SCoPQ zone 9
<epsg216> : NAD27(CGQ77) / SCoPQ zone 10
<epsg217> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 8
<epsg218> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 9
<epsg219> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 10
<epsg220> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 11
<epsg221> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 12
<epsg222> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 13
<epsg223> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 14
<epsg224> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 15
<epsg225> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 16
<epsg226> : NAD27(76) / MTM zone 17
<epsg227> : NAD27(76) / UTM zone 15N
<epsg228> : NAD27(76) / UTM zone 16N
<epsg229> : NAD27(76) / UTM zone 17N
<epsg230> : NAD27(76) / UTM zone 18N
<epsg231> : NAD27(CGQ77) / UTM zone 17N
<epsg232> : NAD27(CGQ77) / UTM zone 18N
<epsg233> : NAD27(CGQ77) / UTM zone 19N
<epsg234> : NAD27(CGQ77) / UTM zone 20N
<epsg235> : NAD27(CGQ77) / UTM zone 21N
<epsg236> : NAD83(CSRS98) / New Brunswick Stereo
<epsg237> : NAD83(CSRS98) / UTM zone 19N
<epsg238> : NAD83(CSRS98) / UTM zone 20N
<epsg239> : Israel / Israeli TM Grid
<epsg240> : Locodjo 1965 / UTM zone 30N
<epsg241> : Abidjan 1987 / UTM zone 30N
<epsg242> : Locodjo 1965 / UTM zone 29N
<epsg243> : Abidjan 1987 / UTM zone 29N
<epsg244> : Hanoi 1972 / Gauss-Kruger zone 18
<epsg245> : Hanoi 1972 / Gauss-Kruger zone 19
<epsg256> : CH1903+ / LV95
<epsg257> : Rassadiran / Nakhl e Taqi
<epsg258> : ED50(ED77) / UTM zone 38N
<epsg259> : ED50(ED77) / UTM zone 39N
<epsg260> : ED50(ED77) / UTM zone 40N
<epsg261> : ED50(ED77) / UTM zone 41N
<epsg2100> : GGRS87 / Greek Grid
<epsg2200> : ATS77 / New Brunswick Stereographic
<epsg2219> : ATS77 / UTM zone 19N
<epsg2220> : ATS77 / UTM zone 20N
<epsg2290> : ATS77 / Prince Edward Isl. Stereographic
<epsg2294> : ATS77 / MTM Nova Scotia zone 4
<epsg2295> : ATS77 / MTM Nova Scotia zone 5
<epsg2391> : KKJ / Finland zone 1
<epsg2392> : KKJ / Finland zone 2
<epsg2393> : KKJ / Finland Uniform Coordinate System
<epsg2394> : KKJ / Finland zone 4
<epsg2400> : RT90 2.5 gon W
<epsg2550> : Samboja / UTM zone 50S
<epsg2600> : Lietuvos Koordinoei Sistema 1994
<epsg2736> : Tete / UTM zone 36S
<epsg2737> : Tete / UTM zone 37S
<epsg3036> : Moznet / UTM zone 36S
<epsg3037> : Moznet / UTM zone 37S
<epsg3148> : Indian 1960 / UTM zone 48N
<epsg3149> : Indian 1960 / UTM zone 49N
<epsg3176> : Indian 1960 / TM 106 NE
<epsg3300> : Estonian Coordinate System of 1992
<epsg3439> : PSD93 / UTM zone 39N
<epsg3440> : PSD93 / UTM zone 40N
<epsg3561> : Old Hawaiian / Hawaii zone 1
<epsg3562> : Old Hawaiian / Hawaii zone 2
<epsg3563> : Old Hawaiian / Hawaii zone 3
<epsg3564> : Old Hawaiian / Hawaii zone 4
<epsg3565> : Old Hawaiian / Hawaii zone 5
<epsg3920> : Puerto Rico / UTM zone 20N
<epsg3991> : Puerto Rico State Plane CS of 1927
<epsg3992> : Puerto Rico / St. Croix
<epsg4001> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7001
<epsg4002> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7002
<epsg4003> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7003
<epsg4004> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7004
<epsg4005> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7005
<epsg4006> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7006
<epsg4007> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7007
<epsg4008> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7008
<epsg4009> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7009
<epsg4010> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7010
<epsg4011> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7011
<epsg4012> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7012
<epsg4013> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7013
<epsg4014> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7014
<epsg4015> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7015
<epsg4016> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7016
<epsg4017> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7017
<epsg4018> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7018
<epsg4019> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7019
<epsg4020> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7020
<epsg4021> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7021
<epsg4022> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7022
<epsg4024> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7024
<epsg4025> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7025
<epsg4027> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7027
<epsg4028> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7028
<epsg4029> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7029
<epsg4030> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7030
<epsg4031> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7031
<epsg4032> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7032
<epsg4033> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7033
<epsg4034> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7034
<epsg4035> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7035
<epsg4036> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7036
<epsg4041> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7041
<epsg4042> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7042
<epsg4043> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7043
<epsg4044> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7044
<epsg4045> : Unknown datum based upon ellipsoid 7045
<epsg4120> : Greek
<epsg4121> : GGRS87
<epsg4122> : ATS77
<epsg4123> : KKJ
<epsg4124> : RT90
<epsg4125> : Samboja
<epsg4126> : LKS94 (ETRS89)
<epsg4127> : Tete
<epsg4128> : Madzansua
<epsg4129> : Observatario
<epsg4130> : Moznet
<epsg4131> : Indian 1960
<epsg4132> : FD58
<epsg4133> : EST92
<epsg4134> : PDO Survey Datum 1993
<epsg4135> : Old Hawaiian
<epsg4136> : St. Lawrence Island
<epsg4137> : St. Paul Island
<epsg4138> : St. George Island
<epsg4139> : Puerto Rico
<epsg4140> : NAD83(CSRS98)
<epsg4141> : Israel
<epsg4142> : Locodjo 1965
<epsg4143> : Abidjan 1987
<epsg4144> : Kalianpur 1937
<epsg4145> : Kalianpur 1962
<epsg4146> : Kalianpur 1975
<epsg4147> : Hanoi 1972
<epsg4148> : Hartbeesthoek94
<epsg4149> : CH1903
<epsg4150> : CH1903+
<epsg4151> : CHTRF95
<epsg4152> : NAD83(HARN)
<epsg4153> : Rassadiran
<epsg4154> : ED50(ED77)
<epsg4200> : Pulkovo 1995
<epsg4201> : Adindan
<epsg4202> : AGD66
<epsg4203> : AGD84
<epsg4204> : Ain el Abd
<epsg4205> : Afgooye
<epsg4206> : Agadez
<epsg4207> : Lisbon
<epsg4208> : Aratu
<epsg4209> : Arc 1950
<epsg4210> : Arc 1960
<epsg4211> : Batavia
<epsg4212> : Barbados 1938
<epsg4213> : Beduaram
<epsg4214> : Beijing 1954
<epsg4215> : Belge 1950
<epsg4216> : Bermuda 1957
<epsg4218> : Bogota
<epsg4219> : Bukit Rimpah
<epsg4220> : Camacupa
<epsg4221> : Campo Inchauspe
<epsg4222> : Cape
<epsg4223> : Carthage
<epsg4224> : Chua
<epsg4225> : Corrego Alegre
<epsg4226> : Cote d'Ivoire
<epsg4227> : Deir ez Zor
<epsg4228> : Douala
<epsg4229> : Egypt 1907
<epsg4230> : ED50
<epsg4231> : ED87
<epsg4232> : Fahud
<epsg4233> : Gandajika 1970
<epsg4234> : Garoua
<epsg4235> : Guyane Francaise
<epsg4236> : Hu Tzu Shan
<epsg4237> : HD72
<epsg4238> : ID74
<epsg4239> : Indian 1954
<epsg4240> : Indian 1975
<epsg4241> : Jamaica 1875
<epsg4242> : JAD69
<epsg4243> : Kalianpur 1880
<epsg4244> : Kandawala
<epsg4245> : Kertau
<epsg4246> : KOC
<epsg4247> : La Canoa
<epsg4248> : PSAD56
<epsg4249> : Lake
<epsg4250> : Leigon
<epsg4251> : Liberia 1964
<epsg4252> : Lome
<epsg4253> : Luzon 1911
<epsg4254> : Hito XVIII 1963
<epsg4255> : Herat North
<epsg4256> : Mahe 1971
<epsg4257> : Makassar
<epsg4258> : ETRF89
<epsg4259> : Malongo 1987
<epsg4260> : Manoca
<epsg4261> : Merchich
<epsg4262> : Massawa
<epsg4263> : Minna
<epsg4264> : Mhast
<epsg4265> : Monte Mario
<epsg4266> : M'poraloko
<epsg4267> : NAD27
<epsg4268> : NAD27 Michigan
<epsg4269> : NAD83
<epsg4270> : Nahrwan 1967
<epsg4271> : Naparima 1972
<epsg4272> : GD49
<epsg4273> : NGO 1948
<epsg4274> : Datum 73
<epsg4275> : NTF
<epsg4276> : NSWC 9Z-2
<epsg4277> : OSGB 1936
<epsg4278> : OSGB70
<epsg4279> : OS(SN)80
<epsg4280> : Padang
<epsg4281> : Palestine 1923
<epsg4282> : Pointe Noire
<epsg4283> : GDA94
<epsg4284> : Pulkovo 1942
<epsg4285> : Qatar
<epsg4286> : Qatar 1948
<epsg4287> : Qornoq
<epsg4288> : Loma Quintana
<epsg4289> : Amersfoort
<epsg4291> : SAD69
<epsg4292> : Sapper Hill 1943
<epsg4293> : Schwarzeck
<epsg4294> : Segora
<epsg4295> : Serindung
<epsg4296> : Sudan
<epsg4297> : Tananarive
<epsg4298> : Timbalai 1948
<epsg4299> : TM65
<epsg4300> : TM75
<epsg4301> : Tokyo
<epsg4302> : Trinidad 1903
<epsg4303> : TC(1948)
<epsg4304> : Voirol 1875
<epsg4305> : Voirol Unifie
<epsg4306> : Bern 1938
<epsg4307> : Nord Sahara 1959
<epsg4308> : RT38
<epsg4309> : Yacare
<epsg4310> : Yoff
<epsg4311> : Zanderij
<epsg4312> : MGI
<epsg4313> : Belge 1972
<epsg4314> : DHDN
<epsg4315> : Conakry 1905
<epsg4316> : Dealul Piscului 1933
<epsg4317> : Dealul Piscului 1970
<epsg4318> : NGN
<epsg4319> : KUDAMS
<epsg4322> : WGS 72
<epsg4324> : WGS 72BE
<epsg4326> : WGS 84
<epsg4600> : Anguilla 1957
<epsg4601> : Antigua 1943
<epsg4602> : Dominica 1945
<epsg4603> : Grenada 1953
<epsg4604> : Montserrat 1958
<epsg4605> : St. Kitts 1955
<epsg4606> : St. Lucia 1955
<epsg4607> : St. Vincent 1945
<epsg4608> : NAD27(76)
<epsg4609> : NAD27(CGQ77)
<epsg4801> : Bern 1898 (Bern)
<epsg4802> : Bogota (Bogota)
<epsg4803> : Lisbon (Lisbon)
<epsg4804> : Makassar (Jakarta)
<epsg4805> : MGI (Ferro)
<epsg4806> : Monte Mario (Rome)
<epsg4807> : NTF (Paris)
<epsg4808> : Padang (Jakarta)
<epsg4809> : Belge 1950 (Brussels)
<epsg4810> : Tananarive (Paris)
<epsg4811> : Voirol 1875 (Paris)
<epsg4812> : Voirol Unifie (Paris)
<epsg4813> : Batavia (Jakarta)
<epsg4814> : RT38 (Stockholm)
<epsg4815> : Greek (Athens)
<epsg4816> : Carthage (Paris)
<epsg4817> : NGO 1948 (Oslo)
<epsg4901> : ATF (Paris)
<epsg4902> : NDG (Paris)
<epsg4903> : Madrid 1870 (Madrid)
<epsg20004> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 4
<epsg20005> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 5
<epsg20006> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 6
<epsg20007> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 7
<epsg20008> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 8
<epsg20009> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 9
<epsg20010> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 10
<epsg20011> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 11
<epsg20012> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 12
<epsg20013> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 13
<epsg20014> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 14
<epsg20015> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 15
<epsg20016> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 16
<epsg20017> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 17
<epsg20018> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 18
<epsg20019> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 19
<epsg20020> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 20
<epsg20021> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 21
<epsg20022> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 22
<epsg20023> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 23
<epsg20024> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 24
<epsg20025> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 25
<epsg20026> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 26
<epsg20027> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 27
<epsg20028> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 28
<epsg20029> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 29
<epsg20030> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 30
<epsg20031> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31
<epsg20032> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger zone 32
<epsg20064> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 4N
<epsg20065> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 5N
<epsg20066> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 6N
<epsg20067> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 7N
<epsg20068> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 8N
<epsg20069> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 9N
<epsg20070> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 10N
<epsg20071> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 11N
<epsg20072> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 12N
<epsg20073> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 13N
<epsg20074> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 14N
<epsg20075> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 15N
<epsg20076> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 16N
<epsg20077> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 17N
<epsg20078> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 18N
<epsg20079> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 19N
<epsg20080> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 20N
<epsg20081> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 21N
<epsg20082> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 22N
<epsg20083> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 23N
<epsg20084> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 24N
<epsg20085> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 25N
<epsg20086> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 26N
<epsg20087> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 27N
<epsg20088> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 28N
<epsg20089> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 29N
<epsg20090> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 30N
<epsg20091> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 31N
<epsg20092> : Pulkovo 1995 / Gauss-Kruger 32N
<epsg20137> : Adindan / UTM zone 37N
<epsg20138> : Adindan / UTM zone 38N
<epsg20248> : AGD66 / AMG zone 48
<epsg20249> : AGD66 / AMG zone 49
<epsg20250> : AGD66 / AMG zone 50
<epsg20251> : AGD66 / AMG zone 51
<epsg20252> : AGD66 / AMG zone 52
<epsg20253> : AGD66 / AMG zone 53
<epsg20254> : AGD66 / AMG zone 54
<epsg20255> : AGD66 / AMG zone 55
<epsg20256> : AGD66 / AMG zone 56
<epsg20257> : AGD66 / AMG zone 57
<epsg20258> : AGD66 / AMG zone 58
<epsg20348> : AGD84 / AMG zone 48
<epsg20349> : AGD84 / AMG zone 49
<epsg20350> : AGD84 / AMG zone 50
<epsg20351> : AGD84 / AMG zone 51
<epsg20352> : AGD84 / AMG&nbs