Cook (1906)
http://www.cookpolar.org/about.htm
The Frederick A. Cook Society is a nonprofit organization dedicated to educate the community about the life of Cook, as well as polar education in general. Educators interested in the life of Cook, polar research, polar literature, and polar exploration will find this site useful because it provides an abundant amount of information on each these topics.

Franklin (1849)
http://www.ric.edu/rpotter/SJFranklin.html
This website is dedicated to Sir John Franklin. It provides links to various components of Franklin’s expedition, from his research to the search for him. Students will find this mystery intriguing and educational.

Henson (1909)
http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/henson.htm
The Virtual Exploration Society provides a detailed account of Henson’s race to the North Pole. Educators will find this site useful because it provides educational information, while students will enjoy the drama and adventure of this biography.
http://www.matthewhenson.com/
This resource provides information about Matthew Henson, the co-discoverer of the North Pole with Peary. All information about his life, from his childhood to his adventures to movies and books, is available in this resource.

Nansen (1896)
Farthest North, Nansen

The Life of Fridtjof Nansen
http://www.mnc.net/norway/Frit-nan.htm
This website provides four sources that detail the life of Fridtjof Nansen. Educators may use this source to attain either concise or detailed biographies of the explorer.

http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/eng/nansen.htm
This site gives a short, concise biography of Nansen’s expedition to the North Pole. It also includes an expandable map of Nansen’s route that educators will find helpful to track Nansen’s journey.

http://members.aol.com/jstuster/boldendeavors/fnansen.htm
This site contains a brief biography of Nansen’s life, as well as a concise background on the author’s life.

Nansen’s oceanographic data
http://www.nsidc.org/data/docs/noaa/g02120_fram_hydro
This website provides the oceanographic data collected by Nansen’s crew. Educators will find this resource useful because it provides both the actual data and analysis of the data collected, which supplies a model for students to better understand the impact of critical thinking and analysis skills.

Meteorological data
http://www.nsidc.org/data/g01938.html
This resource is part of the Arctic Climatology Project, which created this Arctic Meteorology and Climate Atlas. The atlas includes a brief summary of the research, as well as all of the data used to provide the analysis. Educators will find this source useful in order to display the steps of data analysis and documentation.

Franz Josef Land
http://www.visibleearth.nasa.gov/search.php?q=Franz+Josef+Land
This link provides an enlargeable image of Franz Josef Land. Educators and students alike will be able to better observe its landscape.

http://chemsrv0.pph.univie.ac.at/ska/fjl.htm
This image is of the map of the Franz Josef Land and its surrounding Northern Europe countries. Educators may use this image to display the size of the lands in comparison to countries that are more familiar.

http://www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu/Icecore/FranzJosefLand.html
This source provides a topographical map of Franz Josef Land. Earth Science educators may find this site especially useful to incorporate into their own topographical lessons in the classroom.

Peary (1909)
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/ice/sfeature/peary.html
The Public Broadcast Service provides brief biographies on Peary, in addition to special features, timelines, and maps of Peary and other famous polar explorers, including Amundsen and Byrd. Educators may find the teacher’s guide especially useful because it provides discussion questions and other features for student participation.

Scott (1909)

Scott’s Last Expedition: The Journals, by Robert Falcon Scott, Beryl Bainbridge, Carrol & Graf Publishers; 1st Carroll & Graf ed edition (December1, 1996)

The Worst Journey in the World, Aspsley Cherry-Garrard, Carroll & Graf Publishers; 2nd edition (April 1, 1997)

90 Degrees South: With Scott to the Antarctic (1933), DVD, Director: Alan Ravenscroft

Terra Nova Expedition
http://www.south-pole.com/p0000090.htm
The South Pole site provides an in-depth, detailed summary of Robert Falcon Scott’s Terra Nova Expedition with a handful of pictures to add to the text. This is ideal for higher-level educators and students interested in the specifics of expedition and polar education in general.

http://www.nmm.ac.uk/education/fact_files/fact_scott.html
The National Maritime Museum and the Royal Observatory in Greenwich have created a fact file about the polar expedition leaders. Educators with younger students will find this site useful because it provides all basic background information about Antarctica (i.e., What is Antarctica?; How did it get its name?) that younger students may be curious about.

Brief overview of Scott and his voyages
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/s/scott.shtml
The Enchanted Learning Center provides a brief, colorful biography for younger students interested in the life of Robert Scott.

Scott vs. Amundsen
The Last Place on Earth (Modern Library Exploration), by Roland Huntford, Paul Theroux (Introduction), Modern Library (September 7, 1999)

Judgment over the Dead: The Screenplay of The Last Place on Earth (London: Verso/New Left, 1986)
Scott and Amundsen, T. Griffiths a dramatic series on Masterpiece Theatre, a PBS television series produced by WGBH-TV, Boston, made possible by a grant from Mobil Corporation

The Coldest March, Solomon

Susan Solomon's web link
http://www.coldestmarch.com
This source provides a brief summary of Susan Solomon’s The Coldest March, as well as her goal in writing this book and critical reviews. Educators who are contemplating sharing this book with their class may want to visit this site in order to make a well-informed decision.

PBS Secrets of the Dead
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/case_southpole/interview.html
In the Public Broadcasting Service organization’s Secrets of the Dead series, the "Tragedy at the Pole" was further investigated. The episode contains background information on Scott and Amundsen, as well as clues and evidence to what may have happened. An interview with Susan Solomon, author of The Coldest March, is also part of this episode. Educators may find it useful to order or view this episode in class because it is both educational and engaging for students.

Polar Race Offers Leadership Lessons
http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-w/g-wt/g-wtl/news/winter99/polar.htm
Robert Gunther provides a list and brief explanations of leadership qualities that every good leader should have. Educators of all level will find this an ideal method of teaching students of today to be leaders of tomorrow.

http://www.cep-dc.org/testing/testtalkoctober2002.htm
This "TestTalk for Leaders" issue, written by Nancy Kober, from the Center of Education is an in-depth guide for educators and parents to understand the limitations of tests on an individual’s character. Educators with students who feel pressured by tests should read this issue in order to comfort and encourage students that tests are not the determinant factor for one’s future.

Shackleton
South: A Memoir of the Endurance Voyage by Ernest Henry Shackleton, 380 pages (selections)
http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/s/s52s
This source is a 380-page selection of Shackleton’s story of his last expedition. Educators and students of higher level may appreciate this source more because it is a very detailed personal account of his expedition, in addition to reviews and reactions by experts of the field.

Shackleton’s Way: Leadership Lessons from the Great Antactic Explorer, by Margot Morrell, Stephanie Capparell, Penguin Books (September 1, 2002)

Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage, by Alfred Lansing, Carroll & Graf Publishers; 2nd edition (March 1, 1999)

Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition, by Caroline Alexander (Hardcover), Knopf; 1st edition (November 3, 1998)

Shackleton - The Greatest Survival Story of All Time (3-Disc Collector's Edition), DVD

South - Ernest Shackleton and the Endurance Expedition (1919), DVD

Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure (Large Format) (2001), DVD

Shackleton’s Voyage of Endurance documentary, PBS Nova (2002)

Shackleton miniseries, AandE (2002)

Shackleton IMAX

Shackleton's Antarctic Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackleton/
The Public Broadcasting Service organization highlights NOVA’s film "Shackleton’s Antarctic Adventure." Educators who want to teach Shackleton’s expedition, as well as survival stories from other members of his crew, will find this source valuable and engaging for students.

Endurance Expedition timeline in paragraph form
http://www.south-pole.com/homepage.html
The South Pole program provides an in-depth biography of Shackleton’s trans-Antarctic expedition. Educators with high-level students will find this source useful because of the detail and length of this literature.

Timeline of the Endurance voyage (by date)
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackleton/1914/timeline.html
NOVA provides a detailed, but concise, timeline of Shackleton’s voyage on the Endurance. Educators of all levels will find this source useful because it organizes the sequence of events that most students will easily comprehend and be engaged.

Elephant Island
http://www.visibleearth.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/viewrecord?3007
NASA provides a directory of various images and animations of the Earth. This source is a satellite image of Elephant Island and a brief description of what is seen for educators and students to observe familiar or unfamiliar land in different ways.

Navigating on the open sea
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackleton/navigate/escapewave.html
NOVA online provides technical information for those who would like to learn more about Shackleton’s expedition to Antarctica. This source includes how a sextant works and Shackleton’s escape from Antarctica. Educators of middle school and high school students may find this source useful in order to expand their naval education.

South Georgia
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10312
NASA’s Earth Observatory provides new, detailed images of South Georgia Island, as well as brief explanations of what is observed. Students interested in topography and earth science may find this source engaging.