Education

Ph.D. 2000 Columbia University, New York, NY

(October) Chemical Oceanography. “Biogeochemical Regimes and meso-scale variability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica”.

M. S. 1996 Columbia University, New York, NY

Geology. “Carbon Cycles in Biosphere II Ocean”.

B. A. 1988 Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME

Chemistry. Also extensive study in biochemistry and physics.

Work Experience

2005 – Present NOAA/CMDL, Boulder, CO

Cooperative Institute for Research in Earth Sciences, Research Scientist II.

2002 – 2005 Princeton University, Princeton, NJ

Research Staff Member.

2002 – Present Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY

Adjunct Assistant Research Scientist.

2000 – 2002 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY

Post Doctoral Researcher. Development of time series for measurements of surface water CO₂ nutrients in the Drake Passage.

2000 Barnard College, New York, NY

Lecturer. Team taught web-based course in Environmental Data Analysis.

1992 – 1994 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA.

Research Assistant.

1989 – 1992 Peace Corps Nepal, Bardia District, Nepal

1988 – 1989 Proctor Academy, Andover, NH

Chemistry Teacher.

Research Interests

· Constraining the North American Carbon budget through vertical profiles of CO₂ and other trace gases

· Upper ocean biogeochemical cycling and export of carbon and nutrients

· Air-sea gas exchange of CO₂

· Meso-scale variability and its effect on region scale biogeochemistry

· The role of the Southern Ocean in the future Global Carbon Budget

Awards Received

2002 National Research Council Fellowship (Declined award)

1999 Bruce Heezen Award. Awarded for excellence in graduate student research by the Earth and Environmental Science Department, Columbia University.

1998 – 2000 NASA Global Change Fellowship. Three year fellowship awarded by NASA for graduate student research in global climate change.

1997 The Sarah Langer Prize. Book award for the student who contributes most to student life.

1994 – 1998 Columbia University Graduate School Fellowship. Five year fellowship awarded for the study of Chemical Oceanography.

Professional Activities

2007 IPCC contributing author

2003 – 2008 Antarctic Research Vessel Oversight Committee

2003 – 2008 NSF Panel Member

2000 – 2001 NOAA Carbon Observations Planning Group

1997 – 2000 Columbia University Senate Education Committee member

1996 – 1998 Graduate Student representative to the Columbia University Senate

1995 – 1997 Columbia University Graduate Student Council

Publications

Sweeney, C., T. Newberger, and W. McGillis, 2009. High precision measurements of atmospheric and ocean pCO2 on remote ocean towers. Ocean Engineering, In prep.

Sweeney, C., T. Newberger, and T. Takahashi, 2009. Mechanisms driving meso-scale, regional and annual variability of surface ocean pCO2 in the Drake Passage . Deep Sea Research, In prep.

Sweeney, C., A. R. Jacobson, T. Takahashi, S. Sutherland, R. Wanninkhof. 2009. Regional variations in wind speed products and what they imply for air-sea gas exchange when normalized to global uptake of bomb ¹⁴C. Geophys. Res Let., In prep.

McNeil, B._,C. Sweeney, and R. Collier. 2009. Death of Antarctic Marine Calcifying Plankton Linked to High CO₂ Waters. Nature Geoscience. In Review

Crevoisier C., C. Sweeney, M. Gloor, J. L. Sarmiento, and P.P. Tans, 2009. A new insight on regional US carbon sinks from three-dimensional atmospheric CO₂ sampling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. In Review

Gupta, P., D. Noone, J. Galewsky, C. Sweeney, B. H. Vaughn. 2009. Demonstration of high precision continuous measurements of water isotopologues in laboratory and remote field deployments using WS-CRDS technology. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. Accepted.

Montes-Hugo, M., H. Ducklow, O. Schofield, S. Stammerjohn, D. Martinson, C. Sweeney. 2009. Anomalous wind patterns affect carbonate system in the Western Shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula. Geophysical Research Letters. Accepted.

Takahashi, T., S. C. Sutherland, R. Wanninkhof, C. Sweeney, R. A. Feely, D. W. Chipman, B. Hales, G. Friederich, F. Chavez, A. Watson, D. C. E. Bakker, U. Schuster, N. Metzl, H. Yoshikawa-Inoue, M. Ishii, T. Midorikawa, C. Sabine, M. Hopemma, J. Olafsson, T. S. Arnarson, B. Tilbrook, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. Bellerby, H. J. W. de Baar, Y. Nojiri, C. S. Wong, B. Delille (2009). Climatological Mean and Decadal Change in Surface Ocean pCO2, and Net Sea-air CO2 Flux over the Global Oceans. Deep-Sea Research II, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009

Wanninkhof, R., W. E. Asher, D. T. Ho, C. Sweeney, W. R. McGillis (2009). Advances in Quantifying Air-Sea Gas Exchange and Environmental Forcing. Annual Review of Marine Sciences 1. doi:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163742

Campbell, J. E., G. R. Carmichael, T. Chai, M. Mena-Carrasco, Y. Tang, D. R. Blake, N. J. Blake, S. A. Vay, G. J. Collatz, I. Baker, J. A. Berry, S. A. Montzka, C. Sweeney, J. L. Schnoor, and C. O. Stanier. 2008. Photosynthetic Control of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide During the Growing Season. Science 322:1085-1088. DOI: 10.1126/science.1164015

Xiong, X. Z., C. Barnet, E. Maddy, C. Sweeney, X. P. Liu, L. H. Zhou and M. Goldberg (2008). Characterization and validation of methane products from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences 113. doi:10.1029/2007JG000500.

Maddy, E. S., C. D. Barnet, M. Goldberg, C. Sweeney and X. Liu (2008). CO2 retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder: Methodology and validation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 113(D11) DOI:10.1029/2007.

Sweeney, C., E. Gloor, A. R. Jacobson, R. M. Key, G. McKinley, J. L. Sarmiento and R. Wanninkhof (2007). Constraining global air-sea gas exchange for CO2 with recent bomb C-14 measurements. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 21 (2). DOI: 10.1029/2006GB002784

Peters, W., A. R. Jacobson, C. Sweeney, A. E. Andrews, T. J. Conway, K. Masarie, J. B. Miller, L. M. P. Bruhwiler, G. Petron, A. I. Hirsch, D. E. J. Worthy, G. R. van der Werf, J. T. Randerson, P. O. Wennberg, M. C. Krol and P. P. Tans (2007). An atmospheric perspective on North American carbon dioxide exchange: CarbonTracker. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(48): 18925-18930. DOI: 10.1072/pnas.07089861074

Yang, Z., R.A. Washenfelder, G. Keppel-Aleks, P.O. Wennberg, N.Y. Krakauer, J.T. Randerson, P.P.Tans and C. Sweeney. (2007). New constraints on Northern Hemisphere growing season net flux. Geophysical Research Letters, 34 (12). DOI: 10.1029/2007GL029742

Stephens, B. B., K. R. Gurney, P. P. Tans, C. Sweeney, W. Peters, L. Bruhwiler, P. Ciais, M. Ramonet, P. Bousquet, T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki, T. Machida, G. Inoue, N. Vinnichenko, J. Lloyd, A. Jordan, M. Heimann, O. Shibistova, R. L. Langenfelds, L. P. Steele, R. J. Francey and A. S. Denning (2007). "Weak northern and strong tropical land carbon uptake from vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2." Science 316(5832): 1732-1735. DOI: 10.1126/science.1137004

Montzka, S. A., P. Calvert, B. D. Hall, J. W. Elkins, T. J. Conway, P. P. Tans and C. Sweeney (2007). "On the global distribution, seasonality, and budget of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS) and some similarities to CO2." Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 112(D9). DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007665

Crevoisier, C., M. Gloor, E. Gloaguen, L. W. Horowitz, J. L. Sarmiento, C. Sweeney, and P. P. Tans, (2006). A direct carbon budgeting approach to infer carbon sources and sinks. Design and synthetic application to complement the NACP observation network. Tellus B, 58: 366-375. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00214.x

Gnanadesikan, A., Dixon, K.W., Griffies, S.M., Balaji, V., Barreiro, M., Beesley, J.A., Cooke, W.F., Delworth, T.L., Gerdes, R., Harrison, M.J., Held, I.M., Hurlin, W.J., Lee, H.C., Liang, Z., Nong, G., Pacanowski, R.C., Rosati, A., Russell, J., Samuels, B.L., Song, Q., Spelman, M.J., Stouffer, R.J., Sweeney, C., Vecchi, G., Winton, M., Wittenberg, A.T., Zeng, F., Zhang, R., & Dunne, J.P. (2006). GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part II: The baseline ocean simulation. Journal of Climate, 19(5), 675-697

Sweeney, C., A. Gnanadesikan, S. M. Griffies, M. J. Harrison, A. J. Rosati, and B. L. Samuels, 2005. Impacts of Shortwave Penetration Depth on Large-Scale Ocean Circulation and Heat Transport, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 35(6): 1103–1119

Sweeney, C. 2003. The annual cycle of surface CO₂ and O₂in the Ross Sea: A model for gas exchange on the continental shelves of Antarctica. In: Biogeochemistry of the Ross Sea, edited by G.R. DiTullio and R.B. Dunbar, Antarctic Research Series, 78: 295-312.

Takahashi, T., S. C. Sutherland, C. Sweeney, A. Poisson, N. Metzl, B. Tilbrook, N. Bates, R. Wanninkhof, R. A. Feely, C. Sabine, J. Olafsson, 2002. Biological and temperature effects on seasonal changes of pCO₂in global surface ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 49: 1601–1622.

Sweeney, C., T. Takahashi, R. Wanninkhof, A. Gnanadesikan , 2002. Spatial and temporal variability of surface water pCO₂ and sampling strategies. Report prepared for the NOAA Advisory Meeting for Sea-air CO2 Flux Program, October 8-10, 2000, Boulder, CO.

Sweeney, C., D. A. Hansell, C. A. Carlson, L. A. Codispoti, L. I. Gordon, J. Marra, F. J. Millero, W. O. Smith and T. Takahashi (2000). "Biogeochemical regimes, net community production and carbon export in the Ross Sea, Antarctica." Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 47(15-16): 3369-3394.

Sweeney, C., W. O. Smith, B. Hales, R. R. Bidigare, C. A. Carlson, L. A. Codispoti, L. I. Gordon, D. A. Hansell, F. J. Millero, M. O. Park and T. Takahashi (2000). "Nutrient and carbon removal ratios and fluxes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica." Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 47(15-16): 3395-3421.

Gordon, L. I., L. A. Codispoti, J. C. Jennings, F. J. Millero, J. M. Morrison and C. Sweeney (2000). "Seasonal evolution of hydrographic properties in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, 1996-1997." Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 47(15-16): 3095-3117.

Langdon, C., T. Takahashi, C. Sweeney, D. Chipman, J. Goddard, F. Marubini, H. Aceves, H. Barnett and M. J. Atkinson (2000). "Effect of calcium carbonate saturation state on the calcification rate of an experimental coral reef." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14(2): 639-654.

Sweeney, C., 1999. The Diel Carbon Cycle of the Biosphere II Ocean. Ecological Engineering 13: 235-247.

Published Abstracts

Vaughn, B. H., E. R. Crosson, J. W. White, C. Sweeney. Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy: Opening new doors for tracing water isotopes in the hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 16, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Martins, D. K., C. Sweeney, B. H. Stirm, P. B. Shepson. Measuring Regional CO₂ Fluxes Using a Lagrangian Approach. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 16, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Sweeney C., T. Newberger, W. McGillis, W. Peters, A. Hirsch, A. Andrews, A. Jacobson, K. Masarie, P. Tans. Looking Down the Tail Pipe of North America: A Case Study for the Use of Offshore Towers to Constrain the North American Carbon Budget. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 16, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Jacobson, A. J., A. E. Andrews, K. A. Masarie, C. Sweeney, W. Peters, J. B. Miller, T. J. Conway, J. H. Butler, P. Tans. What is the Resolution of the North American CO2 Observing Network? Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 16, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Fischer, M. L., D. Wunch, S. C. Biraud, J. L. Blavier, N. Honsowetz, G. Keppel-Aleks, C. E. Miller, C. M. Roehl, J. R. Smith, C. Sweeney, G. C. Toon, M. S. Torn, P. O. Wennberg. Toward OCO validation at ARM-SGP. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 16, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Petron, G., A. Hirsch, M. K. Trainer, A. Karion, J. Kofler, C. Sweeney, A. Andrews, W. Kolodzey, B. R. Miller, L. Miller, S. A. Montzka, D. R. Kitzis, L. Patrick, G. J. Frost, T. B. Ryerson, J. M. Robers, P. Tans. On Road Study of Colorado Front Range Greenhouse Gases Distribution and Sources. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 15-19, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Ross, K. L., P. Shepson, B. Stirm, C. Sweeney, A. Karion, K. Gurney. Estimating Emissions Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide and Methane from Indianapolis Using an Aircraft Trace Gas and Wind Measurement Platform. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 15-19, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Karion, A., M. Fischer, D. Day, N. Zagorac, C. Sweeney, T. Sherwood, S. Saripalli, I. Faloona, B. Miller, S. Montzka, L. Miller, C. Zhao, J. Eluszkiewicz, T. Nehrkorn, P. Lang, E. Dlugokencky. Identification of Greenhouse Gas Source Signatures in the San Francisco Bay Area Using In Situ Aircraft Measurements. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 15-19, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Montzka, S., L Miller, B Miller, C Sweeney, A Andrews, A Karion, J B Miller, A Jacobson, S Lehman, J Turnbull. Progress on Deriving National Emission Estimates of Climate-Active and Ozone-Depleting Halocarbons: Observational Constraints From Ongoing Aircraft and Tall Tower Air Sampling Networks. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 15-19, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Miller, J. B., S. Lehman, S. Montzka, C. Sweeney, P. Tans, J. Turnbull. Quantifying anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions using atmospheric ¹⁴CO₂. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 15-19, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Sweeney, C., E. M. Gloor, A. J. Jacobson, R. M. Key, G. McKinley J. L. Sarmiento. Estimating air-sea gas exchange using bomb ¹⁴C: Revisited. 2004 AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, OR, January 28, 2004.

Sweeney, C, A. Gnanadesikan, A. Rosati, J. Sarmiento. 2002. The effects of using ocean color to parameterize penetration of shortwave radiation in ocean GCMs. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(47), Fall Meet.

Sweeney, C. (2002). The annual cycle of surface CO₂ and O₂ in the Ross Sea: A model for gas exchange on the continental shelves of Antarctica. 2002 AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, HI, Feb. 10-15.

Sweeney, C. K. Arrigo, and G. van Gijken (2001). Prediction of seasonal changes in surface pCO₂ in the Ross Sea, Antarctica using ocean color satellite data. 2001 Annual AGU meeting, San Fransisco, CA Dec. 10-15.

Sweeney, C., B. Hales, and T. Takahashi (2000). The importance of mesoscale variability in estimates of net community production and mapping of physical and biochemical features in the Ross Sea, Antarctica 2000 AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting, San Antonio, TX, Jan. 24-28.

Sweeney, C., Hansell, D. A., F. J. Millero, T. Takahashi, L. I. Gordon, C. A. Carlson, L. A. Codispoti, W. O. Smith and J. Marra. (1999) The biogeochemical regimes of the Ross Sea indicated by net utilization of carbon and nutrients and net production of organic carbon. 1999 ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Sante Fe, NM, Feb. 1-5, published program, p. 175.

Sweeney, C., B. Hales, D. A. Hansell, C. A. Carlson, L. A. Codispoti, L. I. Gordon, F. J. Millero W. O. Smith, and T. Takahashi. Utilization of nutrients and carbon in the pelagic waters of the Ross Sea.1999 ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Sante Fe, NM, Feb. 1-5, published program, p. 175.

Takahashi, T., B. Hales and C. Sweeney (1999). Mesoscale physical and biogeochemical variability in the Ross Sea. 1999 ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Sante Fe, NM, Feb. 1-5, published program, p. 175.

Hales, B., T. Takahashi, S. Mathot and C. Sweeney (1999). Three biogeochemical regimes characterize bloom initiation in the Ross Sea polynya. 1999 ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Sante Fe, NM, Feb. 1-5, published program, p. 79.

Invited Talks

Contributions of Aircraft Measurements of Carbon Dioxide to Validation of Carbon Flux Estimates. AAAS 2009 Annual Meeting. February 15, 2009. Chicago, Il

Testing model estimated decrease in Southern Ocean carbon sink with data over the last 20 years. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 16, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Observations of non-CO2 gases from the NOAA/ESRL aircraft network - An overview. Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Sources for non-CO₂ Greenhouse Gases (CH₄, CO, N₂O) over North America. October 22, 2008. Boulder, CO

Looking Down the Tail Pipe of North America: A Case Study for the Use of Offshore Towers to Constrain the North American Carbon Budget. NOAA/ESRL/GMD 2008 Annual meeting. May 5, 2008. Boulder, CO

Estimating air-sea gas exchange using bomb ¹⁴C: Revisited. Gas exchange at water surfaces May 3-7, 2005, Liege, Belgium.

Contributions of Aircraft Measurements of Carbon Dioxide to Validation of Carbon Flux Estimates. AAAS 2009 Annual Meeting. February 15, 2009. Chicago, Il

Testing model estimated decrease in Southern Ocean carbon sink with data over the last 20 years. Fall 2008 AGU meeting, December 16, 2008. San Francisco, CA

Update on Global Warming where are we and what can we do. Boulder City Environmental Advisory Board. June 4, 2008. Boulder, CO

Looking Down the Tail Pipe of North America: A Case Study for the Use of Offshore Towers to Constrain the North American Carbon Budget. NOAA/ESRL/GMD 2008 Annual meeting. May 5, 2008. Boulder, CO

The annual cycle of surface CO₂ and O₂ in the Ross Sea: A model for gas exchange on the continental shelves of Antarctica. April 19, 2003. Scripts Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA

Spatial and Temporal variability of air-sea CO₂: Issues for a global observing network. International Workshop on Ocean Carbon Observation Activities and Their Relation to Planned Research Projects 13-15 January 2003, UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France

How ocean CO₂ fluxes are estimated/measured. Carbon Data-Model Assimilation (C-DAS) Summer Institute NCAR May 20-31, 2002, Boulder CO

Professional memberships

· Sigma Xi (Columbia University Chapter)

· American Geophysical Union

· SeaWiFS users group

References

· Dr. Robert Anderson (boba@ldeo.columbia.edu)

· Dr. Jorge Sarmiento (jls@splash.princeton.edu)

· Dr. Rik Wanninkhof (rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov)