Transcript from a tape by Karl Grönvold.

Tracy Gregg, portside

Karl Gronvold starboard

Dudley Foster, pilot.

Time, bearing and depth from submarine data screen.

Time Bearing Depth Comments

0847		1130	Magnetic spin - two circles
0942	256	2667	Bottom in sight.
0945	314	2676	Very heavily sedimented pillows. Space between pillow filled up and a few cm thick continuous cover on flat surfaces. A possible fault just below us. Possibly 10 cm horizontal movement ñ no vertical.
0949		2677	No good fixes.
0954		2677	Looking for a good sample.
1001		2678	Just picked up a sample.
1002	105	2674	Heavily sedimented pillow lava. Sub kicking up lots of dust.
1003	107	2672	Heavily sedimented pillow lava.
1005	106	2666	Heavily sedimented large pillows. A large fissure coming up. No vertical - horizontal 3-4 m.
1006	107		Another horizontal fault ñ 30 cm.
1007	104		Another horizontal fault ñ 30 cm
	106		Another horizontal fault ñ less than 30 cm
1009	105	2664	Heavily sedimented pillow lava.
			Two parallel fissures 30 and 40 cm wide ñ no vertical movement.
			Still in heavily sedimented pillow lava.
1010	105		A big fault 1-2 m wide ñ no vertical movement ñ clearly deep with no bottom visible.
1011	101	2663	x-4363 y-17037 Heavily sedimented - pillow/lobate?
1012			Heavily sedimented lobate with occasional pillows standing out.
			Another fault about 30 cm wide.
1013	100		Complex of faults ñ 3 small ones with a some vertical movement and then a huge fault with vertical movement of 2 m. Another 10 m wide ñ both with downtrow on the west side. Seem to be coming into folded sheet flow. Another large fault - downtrow to the east, about 4 m wide.
1014			In pillows ñ crossed a big fault.
1015			Heavily sedimented pillows and markedly fewer faults. We clearly crossed some heavily faulted blocks. Ö some with significant vertical displacement.
1016	97	2662	Sheeted flow - a small fault with no vertical displacement but 30 horizontal. A big fault ñ at least 5 m horizontal but no vertical movement.
1017	98	2661	A big fault. No vertical movement but 8-10 m wide. Walls made of thin flow units.
1017	95.6	2662	Still same thick sediment with pillows seen at the surface but possible sheet flows between the pillows.
1018			Pillows.
1019	97	2660	Heavily sedimented pillows. Suspect we just passed a small collapse in the lava flow.
1020	99		Heavily sedimented pillow lavas.
1022			A small fault. Impression of traveling over mounds of pillows.
1025	96		x-4826 y-17000. Some folded sheets visible.
			Possibly over a lava channel with cracks at the bottom. We are clearly in sheet flows but still heavily sedimented. A deep trough right in front of us. Has the same orientation as the faults. Look like a large fault with a large block tilted into it. The bottom of the trough is hardly visible. Another wall coming up in front.
1026	95		Crossing a big channel trough? See sheet flows jumbled up on the other side of the trough. A small horst inside the depression. The bottom of the trough is folded sheet flows. Lot of folded sheet at the bottom.
1028	95		Over folded sheet flows. Tightly folded sheet flows. Small collapses. Coming up to a wall. There is a deep crack in front of us, very deep. Donít see the bottom.
1029	94		A fault below us about 30 cm. Traveling high over the ground.
1030	93		Bottom hardly visible.
1031	84	2672	Pillows and bottom is closer. Over lobate flow with pillows on top. Possibly less sedimented than before but still close to 2.5. Not much glass seen. Lobes are elongated 4-5 m long.
1032	80	2672	Bottom close ñ made of lobate flow. Sediment less than in the beginning but still 2-2.5
1033			On the boundary between lobate flow and heavily folded sheet lava.
1034			Heavily folded sheet flow and into lobate lava. Sediment cover 2-2.5.
1035	84	2674	Sheet flows and then lobate lava. Same sediment thickness. Touched bottom.
1035			Lobates with sheets between.
1036	82		Traveling over lobates. Sediment thickness about 2. No faults for some time. Pillows seen in the lobates. Areas of pillows surrounded by lobate flow.
1038	61	2677	Heavily sedimented lobate lava. Broken lobes. Looking for a sample in what appears to be a small pillow mound, surrounded by lobates..
1044		2678	Sample to in the basket.
1045	79		Rubble flow over to a lobate flow with rubble in between. Seem to be over a flow slope. Coming up a steep slope. Seems to be a fault 10-15 m wide. Continue in broken up sheet flow. Coming to a drop (fissure) that deepens away from us. Has broken up sheet flow at the bottom. A fault ñ clearly in a faulted area. Another fault and it is a wide one. It is more like a channel with broken sheet flow ar the bottom. Another wall down.- deep subsidence in front of us ñ probably about 30-40 meters ñ folded sheet flow at the bottom with clear flow structures flowing down away from me ??? folded sheets.
1048	73		Sediment cover appears to be less than before ñ but difficult to judge.
1049	74	2667	Broken up sheet flows ñ fairly uneven depth. But now just below the sub. Coming to a fault 2-3 m wide.
1050	73	2664	Another fault about 1-2 m wide. Broken up sheet flows with folded sheet in between. Another fault. Sediment cover significantly less than before.
1051	55		Another fault. Still in broken up sheet flow. Another deep drop so the bottom is far below. Now over heavily sedimented sheet flow. Over a crack about 50 cm no vertical movement. Another fault about 30 cm. Yet another at 30 cm in sheet flow. Contact coming up with heavily broken up sheet flow. Looks like a clear contact.
1053	55	2666	Heavily sedimented flat sheet flow with cracks. Coming up to heavily folded sheet flows.
1055		2666	Beautifully folded sheet flows with thick sediment cover.
1056	189	2667	On the top of lobate lava but the edge of a very folded sheet ñ broken up.
1056			On a contact and close to the bottom.
1057		2668	Contact - has changed into sheet flow and very broken sheet flow.
1058	196		Heavily folded sheets.
1102		2667
1106		2668	x-5465 y-17138. Have just picked up a sample from heavily folded sheet flow.
1107	197	2667	Very heavily folded sheet flows. More folded than broken up.
1108	196		x-4651 y-18125. Folded sheet flow ñ very folded, but not much broken up. Coming up to a nice sheet flow. Sediment cover much less than earlier ñ 1.5-2. Contact between heavily folded and non-folded sheets. Now traveling down a very steep slope steeping away from me ñ looks like a flow margin but still heavily folded sheet lava.
1110	192		x-5449 y-17055. Still sloping away from me. Flow margin rather than broken lava.
1111	190	2667	Heavily folded and broken up sheet flow. Lava channel. Heavily folded to less folded sheet flow. It is now deepening sharply in front of me.
1112	192	2668	This looks like a flow channel not a tectonic depression. On the bottom there is folded sheet flow -hardly broken up at all ñ just heavily folded. Sediment cover is 2-2.5. Now seeing the channel wall on the other side ñ made up of thin sheet flows.
1114	194		The wall of the lava channel appears not to be as steep as on the other side. Definitely went over a lava channel.
1115		2672	Heavily folded sheet flow.
1116	246	2670	Heavily sedimented sheet flow.
1117		2668	Over a fault. Traveling over a sheet flow. Distance to bottom increasing covered with folded sheet not much broken up.
1118	245	2671	Folded sheet flow. Lot of geothermal staining. Sediment thick possibly 3.
1119	246		x-5403 y-16941. Traveling up slope over a sheet flow that appears to be thick -1.5 m. Looks like helluhraun. Then into folded sheet and into broken up sheet flow. Broken up sheet flow. Coming over a lava channel again. This is a lava channel with broken up sheet flow at the bottom.
1120	246	2662	Very broken sheet -flow-jumbled up sheet flow. There seem to be irregular collapses.
1121			Over a sheet flow broken up but not jumbled. Broken into fairly large blocks rather than the small pieces of the jumbled up sheet flow. Crossed from sheet flow into lobate flow with collapsed surfaces. Into jumbled sheet flow but with large bocks of hardly broken sheets (helluhraun).
1122			Tape - side B.
1123	245		Broken sheet flow. Moving into lobate flow. Sediment age about 2.
1124	244		Just passed geothermal staining. Collapse or a fault. Sheet flow ñ helluhraun i.e. large flat lava surfaces with a few cracks, less than 30 cm wide, that seem parallel.
1125		2664	On a sheet flow. Seen in the cracks it may be 1-2 m thick flow units. Deepening below the sub. Changing to way point 4. Heavily sedimented. Big sheets.
1126			Collapses on the right tens of meters deep. Travelling semi-parallel to the collapse margin. Over folded sheet flow. Jumbled sheet flow.
rave	114	2665	x-5410 y-16815. Traveling more or less parallel to a vertical drop on my right. Drop of a few tens of meters and we are on the edge of it. Either a lava channel or a fault.
1128	118	2665	This could easily be the channel. Could be 40-50 m deep. Looking at sheeted flow ñ broken into large pieces ñ helluhraun.
1129	118		Coming to a margin ñ seems to be deepening away from me. Geothermal staining. Sheet flow with occasional lobes. Large wavelength sheet flow. . Geothermal staining. Changing from sheet flows and into lobate flow. Still with geothermal staining. No simmering could be observed. Heavily sedimented, must be 3.
1130	116	2670	Geothermal staining in a lobate flow with heavy geothermal staining. No simmering. Lobate flows.
1131		2670
1134	125	2670	Video tape change. Traveling over Pillows and sheet flows. Heavily sedimented ñ at least 2.5.
1135	124	2673	x-5441 y-16724. Over lobate flow. Sediment 2.5.
1136	124	2675	Large wavelength lobate flow.
1137		2679	Now over pillow lavas. Sediment cover 0.5. Changing into lobate flow. A deep drop here a big tectonic fault ñ 5 m wide. Into heavily folded sheet flow. Coming to a very deep drop vertical drop possibly 25-30 m. Cruising 30 m above the bottom. Broken up sheet flow at the bottom.
1140		2682	Folded sheet flow below at some depth. Broken but not extensively. Unbroken sheets.
1141		2683	Bottom at some depth below. Coming to a talus slope.
1143		2685	Trying to get a sample.
1150	117	2678	Have just picked up a sample.
1151			Travelling over a big collapse and a big block in the collapse. Can hardly see the bottom. Coming up to the other wall ñ made up of flows.
		2674	Just flying over the edge of the collapse or fault. Just going from sheets to lobate.
1152	116	2672	Over sedimented lobate flow.
1153		2675	Over lobate with sheets in between. Sedimentation 2.5. It is now shallow just below us. Large lobates.
1154	118	2675	Folded sheets. Sedimentation 2.5. Folded sheets not markedly broken up..
1156	120	2674	Now traveling up a talus and then a pillow rich wall. Going up a vertical slope. Can see sheet flows and pillows in the wall. May be 50 cm thick flows in the wall. Seems to be a horst.
1158	118	2659	Totally broken up. Looks like talus.
1159	116	2653	Climbing up the wall made up manly by pillow lavas some clearly broken.
		2648	x-5749 y-16589 Looks like a narrow ridge (horst).
1201		2647
1204	237	2659	Over jumbled sheet flow. A very deep vertical drop.
1206	235	2678	Bottom is lobate flow. Sediment about 2.
1207	236		Over sedimented lobate flow. Little bit of hydrothermal staining in small cracks.
1209	236	2677	Over long wavelength lobate flow with sediment cover 2-2.5. Occasional hydrothermal staining in cracks ñ not intensive..
1210		2678	Touched bottom. Still large wavelength lobate flows. Sediment about 2 - or little bit less. Lobate flows ñ medium to long wavelength.
1212	236	2678	Over lobate flows. Some of them broken. Close to a contact with jumbled sheet flow. Crossed a contact into jumbled sheet flow. Could be a flow front. Hydrothermal alteration. Jumbled sheet flow.
1214	236	2679	A fault less than 1 m wide. Crossed another tectonic fault. Seem to be travelling into a faulted area. A big fault coming up in broken sheet flow. In the fault there is a large block dipping away from the fault wall. A block of helluhraun - large sheet.
1216	225	2682	A clear contact as we come into a jumbled up flow. Sheeted flow partly jumbled. Seem to be traveling over a bulge which now changes into pillows.
1217	232		Boundary between sheets and pillows. Coming into mainly sheets with occasional pillow sticking out. Some hydrothermal staining. Sediment thickness about 1. Come to a fault ñ a deep fault 2 m vertical. ñ a flat top horst. Another fault no bottom but flow units exposed in the walls ñ a few meters wide. Sheet flow ñhelluhraun- with irregular cracks.
1220		2687	From sheet lava over to lobate lava with occasional hydrothermal staining. ñ No simmering.. Touching the lava surface. Still hydrothermal staining. Possible small fault.. Over into sheet flow ñ curtain folds. One very small fault - not sure.
1222	234	2673	Sheet flow ñ sometimes folded ñ sometimes large plates. x-5377 y-16399 Over lobate flow.
1223	236	2676	Lobate flow with pillows.
1224	232	2677	x-5345 y-16274 Over lobate flows. Sedimentation age 2.
1226	233	2677	Lobate flow with pillows sticking up. Sediment 2.5.
1227			Collecting sample.
1233		2678	x-5266 y-16212
1234	195	2677	To way point 8. Change of plan because of possible early recall.
1235	195		Over lobate flow with sheets in between sometimes folded sometimes not.
1236	200		Still in lobate flows. Sedimentation 2.
1238	198	2683	x-5255 y-16083 Changed from lobate to pure pillows. Changing from pillow to pillows plus lobates.
1241	195	2684	Over lobates with occasional pillows and then increasing pillows and again into mainly lobate. x-5226 y-15966. Lobate with pillows and pillows with lobate.
	198	2686	Mainly pillows but with lobate in between. Sediment 2.
1243		2684	Touched bottom. Large pillows.
1244	197	2681	Pillows.
1245	177	2680	x-5201 y-15814 Over lobate lava.
1246	178	2678	Over lobate lava.
1247			Moving from lobes into pillows. x-5207 y-15782 In pillows. with buds. Lobes not far off.
1248	183		x-5210 y- 15754 Sediment thickness about 2 or even less.
1249	181		Still in pillow lava.
1250	178		Pillow lava - big pillows, elongated up to 5-6 m. Flow front of some sort. Mainly pillow but with lobes.
1251	179	2665	In pillow lava with lots of buds.
1253	182	2668	Large pillows. On top of a pillow flow with Large pillows. Sediment is thickening up to 2 or 2.5. Geothermal staining. There was a clear thickening of the sediment cover where the geothermal remains were and then reverts back to 1 or 1.5.
1254			A deep fault 8 m wide no bottom visible. In pillow lavas.
1255		2678	Over large scale pillows.
1257	201	2669	x-5220 y-15536 Over large pillows with folded sheets between. Sediment thickness 1 ñ 1.5.
1259	199	2667	Traveling along quite a big fault. Still in pillow lava.
			x-5214 y-15497 Pillow lava with geothermal staining.
1301		2662	x-5229 y-15462
1302		2665	Lots of dead chimneys. Very big, with some biological activity but no simmering water.
1303	204	2663	Over pillow lavas. Lots of biological activity.
1304	202	2663	x-5268 y-15424.
1310	202	2641	Over pillow lavas with lots of buds. Some geothermal staining among the pillows.
1313		2668	Just picked up a sample.
1314	203	2670	Over pillow lavas. Sediment thickness 1.
1315	203		Over pillow lavas with lots of buds.
1316	212	2676	Pillows and broken up pillows.
1317			In lobate lava. Very little fresh glass can be seen. Sediment thickness 1.5 ñ 2. Lobate lava.
1318	205	2678	Traveling over helluhraun flat sheets surrounded by lopes. Lobate lava.
1320	203	2678	x-5105 y-15067 Lobate lava with some hydrothermal staining. Sheeted lava and then into lobes.
1321		2677	Sediment thickness 2 ñ 2.5.
1322			Travelling over lobate lava. Sediment 1.5 ñ 2.
1324	205	2684	x-5816 y-13740 Over lobate flow. Sediment age 1.5.
1325			Mainly lobes. But occasional sheets. Sediment age 2.5.
			More sheets. In lobate and sheets. Few pillows. Mainly lobate
			Tape 2 ñ Side A
1329	203	2667	x- 5020 y-14784. Over pillow lavas with lot of buds. Sediment thickness 1.5.
1330	200	2658	Large diameter pillows. Lot of buds. Sediment thickness 2 ñ 2.5.
1331	206	2657	Traveling in lobate flow now. Lobate with pillows..
1333	207	2654	Changed tapes in video cameras. Over pillows. Very coarse pllows. Sediment thickness difficult 1.5 ñ 2.
1335	209	2650	Pillow with lot of buds. We are on a slope here.
1336			Still over pillows that seem to be sloping away from me with a hint of pillow elongation in that direction. x-4950 y-14574. On pillows still sloping away from me. Large volume pillows with lots of buds. Sediment may be 2. A fault coming up.
1338		2654	x-4941 y-14549 The fault is below and disappearing.
1339	208	2658	Now into more lobate flow. Not sloping away any more. Sediment age ñ donít know ñ may be 2.
1340	207	2658	x- 4621 y-14492 Touching bottom. Now over lobate flow. Age 2.5.
1341	209	2658	x-4900 y-14450 Over pillow lava. Clearly a pillow lava. Lot of buds.
1342		2668	In coarse pillow lava dipping towards me. Direction of flow structures towards me ñ from right to left. Pillows with lot of buds. Age 2
		2659	Just touched bottom. x-4892 y-14406.
1344	207	2666	Over coarse pillows.
1346	211	2661	Over coarse pillows with lot of buds. Pillows dipping away from me.
		2659	Just touched bottom. x-4855 y-14289. Pillows clearly dipping away from me. Clearly an edge of a pillow flow sloping away from me.
1347	224	2659	Over pillows dipping away from me.
1348			Pillows not dipping away any more. Pillows with lot of buds.
1349	225	2660	Pillow lava. Flow direction down to my left??
1350		2657	x-4794 y-14224. Pillows. Sloping away from me??
1352		2656	x-4793 y-14896 Settling down to take sample.
1356			Putting sample into the basket. Sample 7 at way point 8. Going to waypoint 9
1359	170	2653	x-4786 y-14196. Traveling over pillow lava. Fair amount of biology. Pillows with lot of buds. Age 2 ñ occasional glass.
1401	171		Pillows dipping away from me. Flow direction in the pillows down and away. Pillows clearly heading away ro me.
1402			Pillows dipping more away from me. Beautiful lobelike structures down and following the slope of the hill.
1403			Still in pillow lava dipping away down to my right ñ often with clear flow structures parallel to the dip.
1404	171	2658	Over pillow lavas ñ down to my right ñ very nice elongated ones. Seems to be off the hill.
1405		2658	x-4832 y-14816.
1406	169	2661	Now into lobes and sheets. Now in lobes. Can see collapses. Over one small collapse.
1407		2662	Just crossing a fault about 0.5 m.
1408			Deepening away from me. Fault right below 2 m wide slight downthrow towards me. Bigger fault 6-7 m across.
1409	169	2671	Some distance down to bottom.
1410	169		Lobate lava. Flow structures cross our path not quite at right angle.
1411	170	2679	In lobate flows. Sediment 2 ñ 2.5.
1412			Lobate flow with folded sheet in between. Sediment cover 2.5.
1413		2679	Some geothermal staining in lobate flow. Sediment cover about 2.
1414	169	2681	Geothermal staining but looks dead. Over lobate with lot if buds. And with pillows. Lobates with pillows.
1415	172		Increasing amount of pillows. A fault, another (split fault). Now mainly pillows.
1417		2669	Over pillow lavas. Somewhat broken up with geothermal staining.
1418		2657
1421		2664	Big dead chimney ñ a really big one. Heading towards waypoint 9.
1422	205	2663	Broken sheet flow below and rubble.
1424	203		I am over deep channel but Tracy shallow so we are right on the edge of something ñ either a lava channel or fault. I think this is lava channel. Can not see bottom clearly on my side. Clearly chimneys.
1426		2665	Seeing chimneys ñ stone dead. Sheet flows. Tectonic crack. Thick sediment cover. Big chimneys coming up. A whole forrest of dead chimneys. Flat sheet flows coming up at the bottom.
1428	204	2667	Sheet flow on the edge of a collapse to my right. Deep drop on my right.
1432		2672	Close to waypoint 9.
			Picked up a sample.
1435			On the edge of a big drop.
1436	205	2673	On the edge of the deep drop down ñ vertical drop but no bottom.
1437			Just over the edge.
1439	208	2686	No visibility. Beginning to see heavily sedimented bottom. Pillows or lobes??
		2689	Bottom is getting closer. Heavily sedimented pillow lava. Sediment age 3.
		2691	Close to the bottom. Just over the bottom.
1441	209		Now over pillow lava ñ with some lobes and buds.
1442	206	2693	Heavily sedimented pillows. Right above surface.
1443		2692	Traveling over pillows ñ with buds. Few lobes in between.
1444	220	2691	Pillows.
1445	220	2690	Now into lobates. Sloping away from me?? Into pillows with lot of buds and some lopes.
1445	222	2688	Over lobate. Sediment cover 2.5
1448		2678
1449			Getting a fix.
1452	177	2686	Over mainly pillow lavas. Sediment age 2.5.
1453	178		Over pillow lava ñ sediment 2.5. Getting more like lobate lava.
1454			Over lobate with occasional pillows.
1455		2684	Just come to a wall. Over a lobate flow.
1457			A drop on my right. Traveling on the rim. Very rubbled sheet flow. A second drop down on my right. Sediment cover 2.5 on lobate lava.
1458	179	2680	A drop on my right. May be the same as before.
1459	179	2677	Broken up sheet flow. Less broken sheet flow.
1500			A drop. Walls and the floor all broken up. Can see some sheets in it. All rubble. Into less broken sheets. A wall in from of me made up of very thin sheets. There is a lava pillar on an edge of a collapse. A deep collapse on my side.
1503		2675	Further drops. Bottom is still some distance but seems to be lobate.
1504		2676	Pillows at the bottom now with buds.
1505		2678	Now in lobate. Another drop down. Looks tectonic. In pillows with buds and then into lobate flow.
1506		2681	In pillows
1508		2681	Just picked up a sample.
1510	214	2680	Over pillow lava with buds.
1511	216	2683	Over pillow lavas.
	213		Now in lobate lava. With pillows.
1512			Lobate flow.
1513	091		Over lobate flow with pillows. then more pillows than lobate.
			In talus ñ all broken up.
1514		2677	Still in talus
		2674	Still in talus.
1515		2668	Top of talus and now travelling up a vertical wall made of sheeted flows and pillows ñ both tens of cm in thickness. Nice cut pillows.
		2662	Broken pillows. now on an edge top of the cliff.
		2659	Heavily sedimented sheet flow. Sheet flows with collapses ñ more collapses. Deep drop with pillars on ledges on the down slope. In what looks like a lava lake.. Heavily sedimented sheet flow.
1517			Getting piece of a top of a pillar.
1519			Got the pillar piece on the edge of the lava lake.
1520		2642	Going up to the surface.
			x-4808 y-12884
			On the way up.